Completar Frases
Shock and its four main types
Shock
is
a
life
-
threatening
condition
marked
by
inadequate
tissue
perfusion
and
can
result
from
various
mechanisms
.
The
four
main
categories
describe
different
pathophysiologies
.
shock
occurs
after
significant
blood
or
fluid
loss
,
reducing
circulating
volume
.
shock
stems
from
heart
pump
failure
that
cannot
meet
the
body's
demands
.
shock
involves
widespread
vasodilation
and
maldistribution
of
blood
flow
,
often
due
to
infection
,
allergy
,
or
nervous
system
factors
.
shock
arises
from
physical
obstruction
to
blood
flow
,
such
as
pulmonary
embolism
or
cardiac
tamponade
.
Hypovolemic
shock
happens
when
the
body
loses
too
much
,
so
there
isn
?
t
enough
circulating
blood
to
supply
all
the
organs
with
oxygen
.
The
body
tries
to
save
blood
for
vital
organs
like
the
brain
and
heart
,
so
less
blood
goes
to
the
arms
and
legs
.
That
?
s
why
the
skin
can
become
cold
and
pale
.
If
the
blood
loss
isn
?
t
corrected
,
may
stop
functioning
,
leading
to
failure
and
possibly
.
A
patient
with
a
severe
infection
develops
widespread
vasodilation
,
causing
blood
pressure
to
fall
and
blood
to
become
poorly
distributed
throughout
the
body
.
This
type
of
shock
is
called
shock
.
When
the
cause
is
a
severe
infection
,
it
is
specifically
called
shock
.
Treatment
may
include
IV
crystalloids
,
antibiotics
,
and
vasopressors
such
as
to
maintain
adequate
blood
pressure
and
tissue
perfusion
.
Although
all
4
types
of
shock
can
lead
to
hypotension
and
organ
dysfunction
,
their
treatments
are
not
exactly
the
same
.
Hypovolemic
shock
requires
replacement
of
lost
,
cardiogenic
shock
requires
support
of
the
failing
,
distributive
shock
requires
management
of
and
its
underlying
cause
,
and
obstructive
shock
requires
removal
or
treatment
of
the
obstruction
.
The
patient's
heart
is
unable
to
pump
enough
blood
to
meet
the
body's
needs
.
This
condition
is
known
as
shock
,
and
the
nurse
should
closely
monitor
the
patient's
rhythm
and
.
In
obstructive
shock
,
can
restrict
the
heart's
ability
to
fill
properly
.
A
can
also
impair
venous
return
by
increasing
pressure
within
the
chest
.
Hypovolemic
shock
is
commonly
described
in
four
stages
based
on
the
percentage
of
blood
volume
lost
.
In
Stage
I
,
up
to
of
blood
volume
is
lost
,
and
the
patient
may
have
minimal
symptoms
because
compensatory
mechanisms
are
still
effective
.
Stage
II
involves
?
30%
blood
loss
,
which
may
cause
tachycardia
,
increased
respiratory
rate
,
anxiety
,
and
decreased
urine
output
.
Stage
III
involves
?
40%
blood
loss
and
is
associated
with
hypotension
,
weak
pulses
,
altered
mental
status
,
and
significant
tissue
hypoperfusion
.
Stage
IV
,
involving
more
than
blood
loss
,
can
cause
severe
hypotension
,
profound
hypoxia
,
loss
of
consciousness
,
and
life
-
threatening
circulatory
failure
.
Cardiogenic
shock
is
commonly
associated
with
severe
.
As
cardiac
output
decreases
,
the
body
compensates
by
increasing
and
peripheral
vascular
resistance
,
which
can
further
increase
the
heart
?
s
workload
.
Without
rapid
intervention
,
persistent
low
cardiac
output
can
lead
to
widespread
and
multiple
organ
failure
.
Distributive
shock
has
three
major
types
.
In
shock
,
severe
infection
triggers
an
inflammatory
response
that
can
cause
vasodilation
and
increased
capillary
permeability
.
Then
in
shock
,
it
can
develop
rapidly
after
exposure
to
an
allergen
,
while
shock
may
occur
after
a
spinal
cord
injury
and
can
cause
hypotension
with
an
unusually
slow
heart
rate
.
Shock
Pathophysiology
When
blood
flow
decreases
,
the
amount
of
oxygen
delivered
to
the
body
?
s
tissues
also
.
As
oxygen
becomes
insufficient
,
cells
switch
from
to
continue
producing
energy
.
This
process
causes
levels
to
increase
,
leading
to
cellular
dysfunction
and
damage
.
If
inadequate
delivery
persists
,
tissue
injury
progresses
to
organ
dysfunction
and
multiple
organ
failure
.
Without
timely
intervention
,
severe
and
prolonged
shock
can
ultimately
result
in
death
.
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