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A
merger
combines
two
companies
into
one
.
Companies
for
various
reasons
,
and
there
are
different
types
of
mergers
.
Mergers
and
acquisitions
(
M&A
)
are
commonly
done
to
a
company
?
s
reach
,
expand
into
new
segments
,
or
gain
market
.
All
of
these
are
done
to
increase
shareholder
.
Often
,
during
a
merger
,
companies
have
a
no
-
shop
clause
to
prevent
purchases
or
mergers
by
additional
companies
.
Depending
on
the
relationship
between
the
parties
,
the
nature
of
the
combination
and
the
resulting
structure
,
different
types
of
mergers
can
be
identified
.
According
to
their
legal
nature
:
.
One
company
acquires
another
,
and
the
acquired
company
ceases
to
exist
as
an
independent
entity
.
All
the
assets
and
liabilities
of
the
acquired
company
become
part
of
the
acquiring
company
.
It
is
important
not
to
confuse
this
type
of
merger
with
an
acquisition
process
,
where
the
acquired
company
continues
to
exist
,
albeit
under
new
ownership
and
control
.
.
Two
merging
companies
disappear
to
form
a
new
company
,
in
which
the
assets
of
both
companies
are
integrated
.
.
One
company
absorbs
part
of
the
assets
of
another
and
integrates
them
into
its
structure
or
creates
a
new
company
.
Both
companies
continue
to
exist
.
.
This
occurs
when
companies
that
have
no
direct
business
relationship
or
similarity
in
their
main
activities
merge
.
The
aim
may
be
to
diversify
risk
and
enter
new
areas
of
business
.
.
This
occurs
when
a
smaller
company
acquires
a
larger
one
.
It
is
less
common
than
the
above
,
but
is
used
to
gain
access
to
new
markets
,
technologies
or
financial
resources
.
If
they
are
classified
according
to
productive
aspects
,
they
can
be
divided
into
two
main
types
:
.
Two
companies
from
different
production
sectors
merge
their
assets
in
order
to
improve
their
efficiency
and
productivity
under
a
single
entity
.
.
Two
companies
in
the
same
sector
or
industry
and
at
the
same
stage
of
the
production
process
merge
in
order
to
increase
efficiency
,
reduce
costs
and
gain
market
share
.
When
Facebook
Instagram
in
2012
for
a
reported
$1
billion
,
Facebook
was
looking
to
its
position
in
the
social
-
media
and
social
-
sharing
space
.
Both
Facebook
and
Instagram
in
the
same
and
were
in
similar
with
regard
to
their
photo
-
sharing
services
.
Facebook
clearly
saw
Instagram
as
an
opportunity
to
its
market
share
,
increase
its
line
,
reduce
competition
,
and
access
new
markets
.
or
additional
skills
,
knowledge
of
your
industry
or
sector
,
and
other
business
intelligence
.
For
instance
,
a
business
with
good
management
and
process
systems
will
be
useful
to
a
buyer
who
wants
to
improve
their
own
.
Ideally
,
the
business
you
choose
should
have
systems
that
complement
your
own
and
that
will
adapt
to
running
a
larger
business
.
or
valuable
assets
for
new
development
.
Better
production
or
distribution
facilities
are
often
less
expensive
to
buy
than
to
build
.
Look
for
target
businesses
that
are
only
marginally
profitable
and
have
large
unused
capacity
that
can
be
bought
at
a
small
premium
-
to
-
net
-
asset
value
.
.
For
example
,
if
you
are
struggling
with
regional
or
national
growth
,
it
may
well
be
less
expensive
to
buy
an
existing
business
than
to
expand
internally
.
and
increasing
your
market
share
.
Your
target
business
may
have
distribution
channels
and
systems
you
can
use
for
your
own
offers
.
,
services
,
and
long
-
term
prospects
of
your
business
.
A
target
business
may
be
able
to
offer
you
products
or
services
that
you
can
sell
through
your
own
distribution
channels
.
and
overheads
through
shared
marketing
budgets
,
increased
purchasing
power
,
and
lower
costs
.
.
Buying
up
new
intellectual
property
,
products
,
or
services
may
be
cheaper
than
developing
these
yourself
.
(
i
.
e
.
,
the
existing
business
plan
for
growth
needs
to
be
accelerated
)
.
Businesses
in
the
same
sector
or
location
can
combine
resources
to
reduce
costs
,
eliminate
duplicated
facilities
or
departments
,
and
increase
revenue
.
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