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A
relative
clause
adds
more
information
about
a
noun
.
We
use
for
people
,
for
things
,
and
for
people
or
things
.
We
also
use
to
describe
places
,
and
to
show
ownership
.
For
example
,
'The
student
who
won
the
prize
is
my
neighbor'
adds
info
about
the
student
.
'The
book
,
which
has
a
blue
cover
,
is
on
the
table'
gives
extra
detail
.
'I
visited
the
town
where
I
was
born'
and
'the
author
whose
name
I
forgot'
show
different
relations
.
Lexical
ambiguity
occurs
when
a
word
has
more
than
one
meaning
,
such
as
meaning
a
financial
institution
or
the
side
of
a
river
.
Phonological
ambiguity
arises
when
different
words
sound
alike
,
for
example
and
'night'
.
In
everyday
language
,
helps
us
choose
the
intended
sense
and
prevents
misunderstandings
.
Writers
can
create
ambiguity
deliberately
for
effect
,
while
translators
must
decide
which
meaning
fits
.
Understanding
these
ambiguities
sheds
light
on
how
meaning
shifts
with
,
spelling
,
and
sentence
structure
.
When
we
talk
about
habits
in
the
past
or
activities
,
it
is
common
to
use
a
tense
called
to
,
the
correct
form
of
the
verb
is
in
,
but
if
it's
used
the
form
usually
means
that
was
an
activity
explained
adding
before
the
ver
b
Maria
has
lived
in
her
neighborhood
ten
years
.
She
moved
there
in
2016
,
and
then
she
has
made
many
friends
.
She
has
been
a
member
of
the
local
library
she
was
twelve
years
old
.
In
fact
,
she
has
volunteered
there
more
than
three
years
.
Her
best
friend
,
Emma
,
has
known
Maria
elementary
school
.
They
have
spent
countless
afternoons
together
many
hours
,
studying
and
talking
about
their
future
plans
.
They
have
been
close
friends
they
first
met
in
fifth
grade
.
Maria
has
been
interested
in
music
a
very
long
time
.
She
started
taking
piano
lessons
when
she
was
eight
years
old
,
and
she
has
practiced
regularly
then
.
Sometimes
she
practices
two
hours
every
day
.
Her
teacher
has
worked
with
her
several
years
and
has
seen
great
improvement
.
At
school
,
Maria
has
studied
English
six
years
.
She
has
enjoyed
learning
the
language
her
first
class
.
She
has
also
participated
in
the
English
club
the
beginning
of
high
school
.
The
club
members
often
meet
two
hours
after
classes
end
.
Maria's
family
has
owned
a
dog
named
Max
2018
.
Max
has
been
part
of
the
family
many
years
now
.
They
take
him
on
walks
every
evening
about
thirty
minutes
.
He
has
loved
playing
in
the
park
he
was
a
puppy
.
?
quit
,
stop
trying
?
take
care
of
?
collect
;
learn
?
discover
of
?
have
no
more
of
?
continue
?
postpone
?
remove
;
leave
the
ground
?
search
for
?
solve
;
exercis
e
are
methods
people
use
to
make
smoother
,
more
engaging
,
and
more
meaningful
.
They
help
speakers
show
interest
,
build
connections
,
and
keep
discussions
flowing
naturally
.
Some
common
techniques
include
:
:
Repeating
part
of
what
someone
said
to
encourage
them
to
continue
.
:
Matching
another
person's
tone
,
energy
,
or
body
language
to
create
rapport
.
-
questions
:
Asking
for
more
details
about
what
was
just
said
.
:
Restating
an
idea
in
your
own
words
to
show
understanding
.
:
Acknowledging
another
person's
feelings
or
experiences
.
:
Using
short
responses
such
as
"
I
see
,
"
"
Really
?
"
or
"
Mm
-
hmm
"
to
show
you're
listening
.
:
Connecting
one
topic
to
another
naturally
.
These
techniques
improve
,
reduce
,
and
help
people
develop
stronger
personal
,
academic
,
and
professional
relationships
.
Effective
conversations
depend
not
only
on
speaking
clearly
but
also
on
listening
actively
and
responding
thoughtfully
.
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