Completar Frases
This is the official post test for MMC CAHS CON's NCM118 Decent Work and Employment using ILO C149, SoWN 2025 and Philippine Labor and Employment Plan (2023-2028).
Nursing
is
currently
ranked
as
the
#1
college
degree
for
employment
in
2026
.
There
is
exceptionally
low
Unemployment
rate
of
and
an
Underemployment
rate
of
only
.
An
example
of
which
is
when
a
Registered
Nurse
in
the
Philippines
works
as
a
retail
Pharmacy
clerk
,
15
hours
a
week
when
they
need
40
hours
to
pay
bills
in
California
is
categorized
as
.
However
,
the
"
paradox
"
exists
where
some
countries
have
unemployed
nurses
due
to
a
lack
of
sector
capacity
to
hire
them
despite
unmet
health
needs
.
With
a
massive
push
for
Filipino
nurses
to
"
go
global
"
in
2026
,
SDG
8
.
and
8
.
8
advocate
for
protecting
the
rights
of
these
migrants
to
ensure
they
aren't
exploited
in
foreign
healthcare
systems
.
HRH
Distribution
is
the
biggest
hurdle
despite
progress
made
.
The
global
stock
of
nurses
is
29
.
8
M
in
2023
(
vs
27
.
9M
in
2018
)
.
However
,
of
the
world
?
s
nurses
are
found
in
countries
representing
only
of
the
world
?
s
population
.
HICs
,
which
represent
only
17%
of
the
population
,
host
of
the
world
?
s
nursing
population
and
there
has
been
a
difference
between
the
density
of
nurses
in
HICs
versus
low
-
income
countries
(
LICs
)
.
As
of
2025
,
the
global
nursing
workforce
shortage
has
improved
slightly
to
5
.
8
million
,
down
from
6
.
2
million
in
2020
.
However
,
the
WHO
projects
a
persistent
shortfall
of
4
.
5
to
4
.
8
million
nurses
and
by
2030
.
Nursing
profession
should
constitute
59%
of
the
Overall
Human
Resources
for
Health
(
HRHs
)
but
is
only
as
of
2023
.
Most
responding
countries
(
82%
)
reported
having
a
or
equivalent
position
,
but
their
roles
in
nursing
workforce
management
and
health
policy
and
planning
are
.
66%
of
responding
countries
reported
the
existence
of
development
programmes
for
nurses
,
these
were
reported
in
only
25%
of
LICs
.
Approximately
of
the
global
nursing
workforce
is
expected
to
retire
within
the
next
10
years
.
In
high
-
income
countries
,
the
situation
is
more
acute
,
with
one
-
third
of
today's
nursing
workforce
reaching
retirement
age
by
.
One
in
every
nurses
currently
practices
in
a
country
other
than
where
they
were
born
or
trained
23%
in
high
-
income
countries
.
The
distribution
of
-
born
nurses
indicates
continued
international
and
migration
.
has
the
highest
proportion
of
foreign
-
born
nurses
.
Implications
:
Low
-
income
countries
are
graduating
nurses
at
a
faster
pace
but
lack
the
domestic
investment
to
employ
and
them
.
While
High
-
income
countries
are
over
-
reliant
on
international
migration
to
fill
the
gaps
left
by
their
workforce
.
Approaches
to
mitigate
negative
impacts
of
migration
:
Migration
are
Temporary
,
work
abroad
with
the
eventual
goal
of
returning
home
.
On
the
other
hand
,
Workers
are
Long
-
term
emigrants
who
live
abroad
but
remain
involved
in
supporting
their
home
country's
health
system
.
The
global
median
entry
-
level
wage
of
nurses
in
2023
was
per
month
(
$9
,
288
per
annum
)
in
82
countries
,
with
significant
differences
by
WHO
region
and
by
income
group
.
Wages
adjusted
for
purchasing
power
parity
(
PPP
)
indicated
that
the
Median
wages
in
HICs
were
twice
as
high
as
in
UMICs
,
and
times
as
high
as
in
LICs
.
and
MER
have
the
highest
median
entry
wages
;
and
the
WHO
African
Region
and
have
the
lowest
.
The
differences
in
wages
and
PPP
,
coupled
with
a
gender
pay
gap
,
creates
powerful
economic
incentives
for
migration
while
perpetuating
gender
inequity
in
the
profession
.
can
lead
to
a
subconscious
bias
where
are
perceived
as
more
"
authoritative
"
or
"
-
ready
,
"
leading
to
quicker
raises
and
promotions
is
known
as
Glass
Effect
that
perpetuates
gender
pay
gap
.
The
Report
acts
as
a
critical
toolkit
for
strengthening
the
nursing
profession
by
driving
evidence
-
based
,
aiming
for
health
systems
.
The
remains
the
only
international
dedicated
specifically
to
the
rights
and
working
conditions
of
nursing
personnel
.
is
a
customized
roadmap
that
identifies
a
country's
specific
labor
and
outlines
how
the
ILO
will
provide
technical
and
financial
assistance
to
meet
them
.
The
concept
was
introduced
by
the
International
Labour
Organization
(
ILO
)
through
Director
-
General
Juan
Somavía
?
s
Report
to
the
87th
Session
of
the
International
Labour
Conference
in
.
It
emerged
as
a
response
to
,
emphasizing
that
work
is
not
just
about
survival
,
but
about
human
.
Decent
Work
isn't
just
"
having
a
job
.
"
It
is
defined
by
four
strategic
pillars
:
Employment
Creation
:
Access
to
stable
,
employment
.
at
Work
:
Freedom
from
discrimination
and
the
right
to
organize
(
e
.
g
.
,
nursing
)
.
Social
:
Workplace
safety
,
health
insurance
,
and
.
Social
:
Nurses
having
a
"
seat
at
the
"
in
hospital
policy
and
healthcare
.
Depending
on
the
stakeholders
that
are
included
,
three
forms
of
Social
Dialogue
can
be
identified
:
:
government
,
employers
and
workers
(
or
their
representatives
)
shaping
Labour
and
ensuring
a
representation
of
all
parties
.
:
without
government
involvement
often
focused
on
-
issues
and
agreements
.
Inclusion
of
other
organizations
:
representatives
of
young
people
,
women
,
the
unemployed
,
and
other
vulnerable
groups
.
The
Collective
Bargaining
is
a
process
of
negotiation
between
an
employer
(
or
group
of
employers
)
and
a
group
of
employees
?
typically
represented
by
a
to
determine
the
terms
and
conditions
of
employment
.
The
end
goal
of
this
process
is
a
legally
binding
Collective
Bargaining
(
CBA
)
,
which
serves
as
the
"
law
"
between
the
parties
for
a
set
period
Follows
this
process
:
(
1
)
,
(
2
)
,
(
3
)
Tentative
,
(
4
)
,
and
finally
,
(
5
)
The
ILO
is
the
only
UN
agency
,
bringing
together
Governments
,
Employers
,
and
.
One
of
its
key
functions
is
to
conduct
extensive
on
a
wide
array
of
labour
and
social
issues
.
This
research
informs
the
development
of
international
labour
standards
,
provides
evidence
-
based
policy
,
and
enhances
understanding
of
the
dynamics
of
the
world
of
work
which
includes
:
:
An
annual
flagship
report
analyzing
global
employment
trends
and
social
issues
.
Report
:
A
report
examining
wage
developments
around
the
world
.
Report
:
In
-
depth
studies
on
specific
topics
Working
papers
and
policy
briefs
:
publications
databases
:
Comprehensive
data
on
labor
markets
and
social
indicators
.
The
ILO
Convention
C149
(
Nursing
Personnel
Convention
,
)
remains
the
only
international
treaty
dedicated
specifically
to
the
rights
and
working
conditions
of
nursing
personnel
.
Healthcare
leaders
and
labor
unions
frequently
cite
these
specific
articles
from
C149
in
current
:
(
Art
.
6
)
:
Ensures
nurses
receive
working
hours
,
rest
,
and
holidays
at
least
equal
to
other
workers
in
their
country
.
(
Art
.
2
)
:
Demands
pay
that
is
"
likely
to
attract
and
retain
"
staff
?
a
major
talking
point
in
recent
global
nursing
strikes
.
:
It
prevents
the
use
of
nursing
students
as
"
substitute
labor
"
during
clinical
rotations
,
ensuring
their
presence
in
hospitals
remains
educational
.
1
.
:
Identify
gaps
in
the
labor
market
(
e
.
g
.
,
high
nurse
migration
or
lack
of
clinical
safety
)
and
Analyze
socio
-
economic
data
and
legal
frameworks
.
2
.
:
Engage
key
players
:
Government
+
Employers
+
Workers
(
Nursing
Unions
)
in
a
Social
Dialogue
.
The
goal
is
to
ensure
"
buy
-
in
"
from
the
people
actually
doing
the
work
.
3
.
&
Results
Matrix
:
Select
3
?
4
strategic
goals
.
Define
clear
Outcomes
(
what
we
want
)
and
Outputs
(
what
we
will
do
)
with
measurable
targets
.
4
.
&
Assurance
:
The
plan
must
be
provable
and
aligned
with
UN
Sustainable
Development
Goals
(
SDGs
)
.
5
.
Formal
&
:
Acts
as
a
formal
"
Social
Contract
"
signed
by
all
tripartite
partners
and
the
ILO
.
6
.
&
:
The
"
Action
Phase
"
where
funding
is
pooled
to
launch
programs
like
upskilling
,
graduate
facilities
,
or
revising
safety
laws
.
7
.
,
&
Reporting
(
M&E
)
:
A
steering
committee
meets
twice
a
year
to
track
progress
.
Finally
,
an
independent
audit
determines
what
worked
to
guide
the
next
cycle
.
Costa
Rica
:
Integration
of
digital
health
&
into
standard
nursing
practice
to
boost
productivity
and
reduce
.
South
Africa
:
Focus
on
and
safety
;
addressing
workplace
violence
and
ensuring
"
decent
work
"
principles
to
keep
nurses
in
the
sector
.
Philippines
:
QA
and
Training
(
e
.
g
.
,
QARM
framework
)
to
ensure
global
standards
are
met
locally
,
preventing
"
.
"
Ethiopia
:
A
projected
growth
in
nursing
staff
by
2030
;
focus
on
basic
(
Vocational
Training
)
and
Health
Extension
Workers
.
AND
:
Employment
where
the
employee
performs
activities
usually
necessary
or
desirable
in
the
usual
business
of
the
employer
.
-
:
Employment
with
a
specific
start
and
end
date
agreed
upon
at
the
time
of
hiring
.
-
:
Employment
where
the
duration
is
tied
to
the
completion
of
a
specific
project
or
undertaking
.
:
Employment
where
the
work
to
be
performed
is
only
for
a
specific
time
of
year
.
Further
develop
roles
to
increase
access
to
high
-
quality
health
services
.
Address
-
related
bias
,
including
equitable
and
competitive
wages
.
Harness
the
potential
of
and
technologies
to
meet
population
and
health
system
needs
.
Empower
nurses
to
contribute
to
the
through
education
,
advocacy
,
climate
conscious
practice
in
health
settings
and
leadership
.
Provide
tailored
support
for
nursing
education
and
employment
and
working
conditions
in
fragile
,
-
affected
and
settings
.
|
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