Completar Frases
Students will walk through terms related to the immune system and how it is triggered and operates.
James
was
hiking
through
the
forest
when
he
scraped
his
knee
on
a
sharp
rock
.
Almost
instantly
,
his
body
?
s
activated
to
fight
off
any
harmful
invaders
.
His
skin
and
mucous
membranes
served
as
,
while
enzymes
like
in
his
tears
helped
break
down
bacterial
cell
walls
.
All
mammalian
cells
have
-
(
)
that
bind
to
molecules
found
on
pathogen
cell
walls
,
allowing
them
to
correctly
identify
friend
from
foe
.
Soon
,
redness
and
swelling
appeared
at
the
wound
site
due
to
the
a
process
that
increases
blood
flow
and
allows
immune
cells
to
reach
the
injured
area
.
At
the
injury
site
,
,
the
most
abundant
white
blood
cells
,
arrived
first
and
began
engulfing
bacteria
through
,
a
process
in
which
cells
ingest
harmful
microbes
.
Meanwhile
,
,
a
type
of
white
blood
cell
that
resides
in
tissues
,
released
,
a
chemical
that
triggered
more
inflammation
.
As
the
immune
response
continued
,
another
type
of
white
blood
cell
,
targeted
larger
parasitic
invaders
,
while
,
large
phagocytic
cells
,
arrived
to
clean
up
debris
and
dead
pathogens
.
Throughout
the
body
,
(
)
circulate
and
detect
abnormal
membrane
proteins
and
release
chemicals
that
cause
,
a
programmed
cell
death
or
suicide
.
If
James
were
to
encounter
a
viral
infection
upon
scraping
his
knee
,
are
chemicals
that
infected
cells
release
that
trigger
healthy
,
nearby
cells
to
respond
by
secreting
substances
that
prevent
infected
cells
from
replicating
.
This
series
of
events
also
triggers
the
,
made
up
of
around
30
proteins
found
in
the
blood
that
leads
to
the
lysis
(
bursting
)
of
invading
cells
.
As
the
infection
persisted
,
James
?
s
,
a
specialized
network
of
cells
and
proteins
,
began
a
more
targeted
attack
.
His
,
a
type
of
white
blood
cell
,
recognized
specific
invaders
and
helped
mount
a
defense
.
These
cells
are
made
up
of
specialized
T
cells
,
and
B
cells
.
The
response
began
when
a
captured
fragments
of
the
invading
pathogen
(
called
an
,
or
name
tag
,
usually
containing
pathogenic
proteins
)
and
displayed
them
on
its
surface
to
alert
other
immune
cells
.
Only
one
specific
part
of
the
name
tag
is
used
to
bind
to
antigen
receptors
that
trigger
an
immune
response
;
this
part
is
known
as
an
.
are
adaptive
immune
cells
that
produce
,
proteins
that
specifically
bind
to
and
neutralize
pathogens
.
B
cells
bind
to
epitopes
floating
in
body
fluids
or
attached
to
pathogens
,
while
only
bind
to
fragments
presented
by
the
host
cell
on
their
own
membrane
.
The
special
protein
complex
that
holds
the
antigen
fragment
(
epitope
)
on
the
host
cell's
plasma
membrane
is
called
the
.
read
these
molecules
and
trigger
different
responses
based
off
of
the
type
of
T
cell
they
are
.
Helper
are
regulatory
immune
cells
that
release
,
signaling
proteins
,
that
activate
other
cells
for
the
adaptive
immune
response
and
acts
as
a
to
prevent
overreaction
of
adaptive
response
.
specialize
in
recognizing
and
killing
infected
cells
via
apoptosis
and
memory
.
allows
the
immune
system
to
respond
faster
if
exposed
to
pathogen
again
.
All
mature
in
an
organ
called
the
,
found
in
the
chest
of
babies
.
Initially
,
James
?
s
immune
system
was
experiencing
a
,
the
initial
immune
response
to
a
pathogen
.
If
he
encountered
the
same
pathogen
again
,
his
would
generate
a
,
a
faster
and
stronger
reaction
.
B
cells
are
related
to
the
,
which
uses
antibodies
and
phagocytosis
to
attack
pathogens
,
while
cytotoxic
T
cells
specifically
are
related
to
the
-
,
which
triggers
the
destruction
of
infected
cells
.
Not
all
immunity
is
developed
through
infection
.
James
had
received
a
as
a
child
,
which
exposed
him
to
harmless
forms
of
pathogens
and
triggered
providing
long
-
term
protection
.
His
younger
sister
,
however
,
received
antibodies
from
their
mother
?
s
milk
,
an
example
of
,
which
provided
temporary
protection
from
another
individual
.
|
Completa las frases con la forma correcta del verbo que se encuentra entre paréntesis.