Completar Frases
Critical thinking
is
considered
to
be
the
creator
of
modern
critical
thinking
.
The
philosopher
was
the
first
one
to
actually
question
reality
by
going
around
asking
people
questions
related
to
their
daily
lives
and
their
assumptions
.
We
know
of
this
socratic
method
in
our
way
of
teaching
.
John
Dewey
(
1859
-
1952
)
and
A
.
S
.
Neill
(
1908
-
1984
)
were
against
the
schools
teaching
children
in
a
manner
and
favoured
the
students'
thinking
and
the
questioning
of
the
status
quo
Sylvia
Ashton
-
Warner
(
1908
-
1984
)
between
1940
and
1950
developed
her
own
method
of
learning
where
children
instead
of
using
standardised
books
worked
with
materials
that
were
related
to
their
lives
,
which
improved
their
understanding
of
the
topics
.
According
to
the
hierarchy
established
by
Benjamin
Bloom
(
1913
-
1999
)
,
students
were
expected
to
remember
,
to
create
,
to
,
to
apply
,
to
analyze
and
to
,
in
that
order
(
from
basic
to
complex
)
.
JJ
Wilson
(
2020
)
argues
that
teaching
critical
thinking
is
to
question
,
explore
and
engage
with
ideas
.
It
is
an
approach
that
requires
-
to
reflect
on
different
aspects
of
life
inside
and
outside
the
classroom
.
The
is
closely
related
to
this
theory
.
According
to
Wilson
(
2020
)
,
a
"
truly
"
communicative
approach
is
based
on
tasks
,
topics
to
debate
,
problem
-
solving
activities
,
imagining
,
etc
.
He
claims
that
"
a
communicative
approach
envisions
students
as
,
histories
,
cultures
and
world
views
"
(
p
.
53
)
.
is
a
key
aspect
regarding
this
approach
.
Critical
thinking
activities
,
especially
those
connected
to
-
,
may
increase
our
students
?
interest
,
although
not
all
of
them
may
be
interested
.
,
and
can
be
used
to
develop
in
ELT
.
Texts
aren't
;
they
allow
students
to
read
and
think
critically
.
For
example
,
when
reading
a
story
students
can
follow
a
process
of
formulating
critical
questions
about
the
,
,
,
and
.
often
present
historical
events
in
a
,
,
and
-
way
,
avoiding
complexity
and
alternative
perspectives
.
They
tend
to
create
heroes
and
villains
,
and
reflect
mainly
-
viewpoints
.
The
process
to
achieve
critical
thinking
develops
from
basic
of
the
story
(
through
simple
,
,
or
,
sometimes
)
,
to
a
focus
on
and
difficulties
,
and
finally
to
higher
-
order
questions
discussed
individually
,
in
groups
,
and
as
a
whole
class
.
To
incorporate
critical
thinking
through
topics
,
students
first
need
vocabulary
related
to
the
chosen
topics
,
after
which
teachers
can
introduce
questions
that
promote
richer
discussions
of
,
and
issues
.
Tasks
that
promote
critical
thinking
include
,
which
use
imaginary
scenarios
that
allow
reflection
on
actions
and
their
consequences
,
and
,
which
focus
on
real
-
world
social
problems
and
encourage
,
of
perspective
,
and
Some
General
principles
for
teaching
critical
thinking
are
:
as
some
students
need
basic
knowledge
like
in
context
of
the
topic
;
make
them
this
help
students
guide
their
thinking
;
giving
them
time
to
think
before
speaking
;
ask
students
to
and
finally
towards
an
outcome
but
not
a
conclusion
so
as
to
keep
possibilities
open
.
A
key
implication
for
teaching
is
that
should
encourage
students
to
think
critically
through
.
Paulo
Freire
advances
the
concept
of
,
arguing
that
education
begins
with
students
?
experiences
and
can
either
reinforce
or
challenge
the
status
quo
.
Education
is
fundamentally
"
the
,
"
achieved
through
dialogue
,
problem
-
posing
,
and
critical
.
A
truly
requires
tasks
that
give
students
something
substantive
to
talk
about
.
JJ
Wilson
mentions
some
examples
of
problem
solving
like
:
where
there
are
scenarios
exercises
of
hypothetical
situations
which
require
decision
making
;
which
consist
of
situations
that
force
people
into
making
difficult
choices
;
Real
world
problems
which
are
divided
in
two
,
and
.
The
first
one
is
related
to
,
such
as
problems
in
relationships
or
with
your
neighbours
.
The
second
one
,
global
,
these
are
,
which
is
the
reason
why
they
can
be
in
the
language
classroom
.
The
issues
have
to
be
chosen
carefully
because
they
tend
to
be
controversial
and
may
polarize
classes
and
finally
we
have
-
this
is
an
activity
where
the
teacher
creates
a
story
,
the
students
have
to
work
in
groups
,
they
are
given
elements
but
have
to
fill
in
gaps
to
create
the
whole
stor
y
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