Developmental Psych Exam 2 review

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Key concepts in Developmental Psychology for the preschool and middle childhood stages

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Ronda Jones

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Developmental Psych Exam 2 review


Froggy Jumps Developmental Psych Exam 2 reviewVersión en línea Key concepts in Developmental Psychology for the preschool and middle childhood stages por Ronda Jones 1 In Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems, which system is at the center of development, just outside of the individual? a Macrosystem b Exosystem c Microsystem 2 What do Vygotsky and Piaget agree about during development? a Children are passive recipients of stimuli b Development is only genetic c Children are active constructors of knowledge 3 According to Vygotsky, learning occurs when the More Knowledgeable Other creates Scaffolds to lead a learner within the learner's what? a Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) with scaffolding b Operational stage c Sensory integration 4 Piaget’s major early stages include preoperational, in the preschool stage of our book, and which other stage, which applies to the middle childhood stage in our book? a Formal operational b Concrete operational c Sensorimotor 5 What is the most common illness in the preschool years? a Strep throat b Common cold c Chickenpox 6 By about age 5, which brain area tied to attention is more developed helping them to pay attention? a Reticular Formation b Occipital lobe c Cerebellum 7 Which parenting style leads to the most positive results for the children? a Authoritarian b Passive c Authoritative 8 According to Kohlberg's theory of morality, at which stage is the person motivated by a need to be the "good boy"? a Pre-Conventional Morality b Conventional Morality c Post-Conventional Morality 9 Which type of play is considered constructive in preschool? a skipping b jumping c block building 10 By around age 5, children typically show which understanding of gender? a Gender constancy b Gender fluidity c Gender segregation only 11 From late age 3 to mid-3s, what do children begin doing with words and phrases? a Speak in full essays b Translate others' speech into signs c Combine words to form sentences 12 What is the term for cognitive functions being more located in one brain hemisphere? a Hemispheric lateralization b Neural mirroring c Synaptic fusion 13 Preschool memories are often organized as what broad representation of events in order? a Scripts b Episodic memories c Schemas 14 Which skills involve small muscle movements, like writing or buttoning? a Oral motor skills b Gross motor skills c Fine motor skills 15 Which description best fits early sentence growth in preschoolers? a Words and phrases form sentences that grow monthly b Whole novels are memorized c Speech remains a single word 16 Which activity is a gross motor skill rather than a fine motor skill? a Picking up small beads with fingers b Running c Drawing with a crayon 17 Which brain process is enhanced when learning language due to hemispheric specialization? a Motor homunculus shift b Neuroplastic drift c Language lateralization 18 Preschool memory organization often progresses through which gradual structure? a Procedural memory b Scripts c Semantic networks 19 In Piaget's theory, which stage features rule-based judgments that are fixed by authority? a Autonomous morality b Heteronomous morality c Sensorimotor morality 20 Gilligan's theory of moral development was called what? a Justice Perspective b Moral Autonomy c Ethic of Care 21 Which Erikson stage occurs in preschool? a Initiative vs guilt b Industry vs Inferiority c Autonomy vs Shame 22 Which theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation? a Social Learning Theory b Behavioral Conditioning c Cognitive Development Theory 23 Resilience in children is often fostered by which protective factor? a Genetic predisposition b Supportive relationships c Strict discipline 24 Collectivist societies prioritize which over the other? a Economic goals over social goals b Individual goals over group goals c Group goals over individual goals 25 Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition is used to measure what? a Academic achievement b Intelligence c Personality traits 26 What involves comparing oneself to someone who is worse off. a Lateral comparison b Downward social comparison c Upward social comparison 27 What term describes speech that deviates from others, hindering communication? a Dyslexia b Speech-language disorder c Auditory language processing disorder 28 The KABC‑II emphasizes processing and problem‑solving and is known for its focus on: a Distinguishing between learned knowledge and processing abilities b Motor skills assessment primarily c Global IQ scores only 29 On the WISC‑IV, a major distinction between index scores is that one index primarily measures: a Working memory and processing speed separately from verbal comprehension b Socioeconomic status c Emotional intelligence 30 A school‑aged child who uses control strategies to manage difficult tasks is most likely demonstrating: a Avoidant coping only b Metacognitive planning, such as breaking tasks into steps and monitoring progress c Physical aggression to reduce stress 31 Which sequence best matches typical stages of learning to read (simple to more advanced)? a Fluency → Phonics → Phonemic awareness → Comprehension b Phonemic awareness → Phonics/decoding → Fluency → Comprehension c Comprehension → Fluency → Phonemic awareness → Phonics 32 Piaget’s concept of centration refers to a child’s tendency to: a Focus on multiple attributes of a situation simultaneously b Focus on only one salient feature of a situation and ignore others c Use formal operational thought 33 Which statement accurately links centration with the conservation concept? a Children’s failure on conservation tasks is often due to centration (attending to a single feature). b Conservation is unrelated to attention to features. c Children who demonstrate centration typically succeed on conservation tasks. 34 A core symptom cluster of ADHD includes: a Repetitive motor tics only b Low intellectual ability across all domains c Persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that are developmentally inappropriate 35 Damon’s stages of friendship development emphasize that friendships in middle childhood are increasingly characterized by: a Mutual trust, loyalty, and shared values beyond mere shared activities b Superficial, one‑time play interactions only c Adultlike romantic attachments 36 According to Damon, an early stage of friendship is based mostly on: a Trust and intimacy b Shared activities and convenience (friends as playmates) c Mutual self‑disclosure and loyalty 37 Emotional intelligence includes the ability to: a Only read others’ minds magically b Recognize, understand, and manage one’s own emotions and perceive others’ emotions accurately c Score highly on standardized IQ tests only 38 Social Comparison Theory suggests that people evaluate their abilities and opinions by: a Only relying on objective measurements and ignoring others b Comparing themselves to others to reduce uncertainty and understand where they stand c Always comparing to historical figures rather than peers 39 Which classroom practice best aligns with supporting social and emotional development related to emotional intelligence and social comparison? a Encouraging zero peer interaction to avoid comparisons b Teaching self‑awareness, perspective‑taking, and constructive feedback to build emotional skills c Emphasizing public ranking and constant peer evaluation to motivate students

Developmental Psych Exam 2 review

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Developmental Psych Exam 2 reviewVersión en línea

por Ronda Jones

In Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems, which system is at the center of development, just outside of the individual?

What do Vygotsky and Piaget agree about during development?

According to Vygotsky, learning occurs when the More Knowledgeable Other creates Scaffolds to lead a learner within the learner's what?

Piaget’s major early stages include preoperational, in the preschool stage of our book, and which other stage, which applies to the middle childhood stage in our book?

What is the most common illness in the preschool years?

By about age 5, which brain area tied to attention is more developed helping them to pay attention?

Which parenting style leads to the most positive results for the children?

According to Kohlberg's theory of morality, at which stage is the person motivated by a need to be the "good boy"?

Which type of play is considered constructive in preschool?

By around age 5, children typically show which understanding of gender?

From late age 3 to mid-3s, what do children begin doing with words and phrases?

What is the term for cognitive functions being more located in one brain hemisphere?

Preschool memories are often organized as what broad representation of events in order?

Which skills involve small muscle movements, like writing or buttoning?

Which description best fits early sentence growth in preschoolers?

Which activity is a gross motor skill rather than a fine motor skill?

Which brain process is enhanced when learning language due to hemispheric specialization?

Preschool memory organization often progresses through which gradual structure?

In Piaget's theory, which stage features rule-based judgments that are fixed by authority?

Gilligan's theory of moral development was called what?

Which Erikson stage occurs in preschool?

Which theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation?

Resilience in children is often fostered by which protective factor?

Collectivist societies prioritize which over the other?

Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition is used to measure what?

What involves comparing oneself to someone who is worse off.

What term describes speech that deviates from others, hindering communication?

The KABC‑II emphasizes processing and problem‑solving and is known for its focus on:

On the WISC‑IV, a major distinction between index scores is that one index primarily measures:

A school‑aged child who uses control strategies to manage difficult tasks is most likely demonstrating:

Which sequence best matches typical stages of learning to read (simple to more advanced)?

Piaget’s concept of centration refers to a child’s tendency to:

Which statement accurately links centration with the conservation concept?

A core symptom cluster of ADHD includes:

Damon’s stages of friendship development emphasize that friendships in middle childhood are increasingly characterized by:

According to Damon, an early stage of friendship is based mostly on:

Emotional intelligence includes the ability to:

Social Comparison Theory suggests that people evaluate their abilities and opinions by:

Which classroom practice best aligns with supporting social and emotional development related to emotional intelligence and social comparison?