nurs112 exam 1

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Clare Castillo

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nurs112 exam 1


Froggy Jumps nurs112 exam 1Versión en línea nurs112 exam 1 por Clare Castillo 1 What drives fluid out of vessels in capillary beds? a Hydrostatic pressure b Oncotic pressure c Osmolarity 2 What happens in 2nd spacing of fluids? a Fluid trapped as ascites b Fluid in the intracellular space c Fluid in interstitial space causing edema 3 Which lab change is typical of hyponatremia? a Headache and confusion b Hypertension and tachycardia c Flushing and diaphoresis 4 Which electrolyte abnormality is most associated with peaked T waves? a Hyperkalemia b Hypernatremia c Hypokalemia 5 Normal arterial pH range is: a 6.8-7.0 b 7.55-7.65 c 7.35-7.45 6 ROME in ABG interpretation stands for: a Respiratory Equal, Metabolic Equal b Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal c Respiratory Equal, Metabolic Opposite 7 Which type of inflammation lasts more than 2 weeks? a Chronic inflammation b Hyperacute inflammation c Acute inflammation 8 Which cell type is the first responder in acute inflammation? a Eosinophils b Lymphocytes c Neutrophils 9 HIV primarily targets which cells? a B cells b Macrophages c CD4 T cells 10 What hormone causes water retention in fluid balance? a ADH b ANP c Aldosterone 11 What pressure pushes fluid out of vessels? a Oncotic pressure b Hydrostatic pressure c Osmotic pressure 12 Which pressure pulls fluid into vessels? a Oncotic pressure (albumin) b Capillary pressure c Hydrostatic pressure 13 1st spacing refers to what? a Edema in tissues b Fluid trapped in cavities c Normal distribution of fluid 14 2nd spacing is associated with which condition? a Ascites b Third-spacing c Edema in interstitial space 15 3rd spacing describes fluid that is: a Trapped and unusable b In interstitial space c In vessels 16 Fluid overload signs include all EXCEPT? a Weight loss b Crackles c JVD 17 Best indicator of daily fluid status? a Daily weights b Urine output c Blood pressure 18 Fluid deficit signs include all EXCEPT? a Tachycardia b Hypervolemia c Dry mucosa 19 What hormone causes water retention? a ADH b ANP c Aldosterone 20 What ion is critical for cardiac rhythm (normal range 3.5-5.0)? a Sodium (Na+) b Calcium (Ca2+) c Potassium (K+) 21 Normal serum sodium range? a 145-155 mEq/L b 120-130 mEq/L c 135-145 mEq/L 22 Hypokalemia ECG sign? a Wide QRS b Peaked T waves c Flat T waves 23 Hyperkalemia dangerous ECG sign? a Flat T waves b Prolonged QT c Peaked T waves 24 Hypocalcemia symptom? a Arrhythmias only b Hyperreflexia c Tetany 25 Hypercalcemia may cause? a Lethargy and arrhythmias b Tremors only c Hyperreflexia and seizures 26 Hypochloremia often leads to? a Bradycardia b Tetany c Hyperkalemia 27 Hyperchloremia typically presents with? a Acidosis b Normal pH c Alkalosis 28 Which acid-base disorder has low pH and low HCO3-? a Respiratory acidosis b Metabolic acidosis c Metabolic alkalosis 29 ROME stands for? a Renal Osmotic Metabolic Equal b Respiratory Opposite, Metabolic Equal c Respiratory Equal, Metabolic Opposite 30 Acute inflammation is dominated by which cells first? a Lymphocytes b Neutrophils c Macrophages 31 Chronic inflammation lasts longer than? a 24 hours b 2 weeks c 6 months 32 Serous inflammation produces? a Clear, watery fluid b Pus c Fibrous exudate 33 Purulent inflammation produces? a Fibrin b Pus c Clear fluid 34 SIRS can progress to? a Localized infection only b Allergy c Sepsis and organ failure 35 Hypoxia type seen with environmental disease? a Ischemic b Hypoxemic c Histoxic 36 Ischemic hypoxia is due to? a Lung failure b Poor circulation c Reduced O2 content in air 37 Histotoxic hypoxia is caused by? a Anemia b Low environmental O2 c Cellular inability to use O2 38 Innate immunity is: a Non-specific b Vaccine-based c Adaptive only 39 IgM antibody indicates: a First infection b Allergy c Long-term immunity 40 Which hypersensitivity type is TB test? a Type II b Type I c Type IV 41 Which organ is targeted by HIV? a B cells b CD4 T cells c Neutrophils 42 AIDS is defined by CD4 count of? a <1000 cells/mm3 b <200 cells/mm3 c <500 cells/mm3 43 Opportunistic infection common in AIDS? a Streptococcal pneumonia b Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) c Influenza 44 Carcinoma arises from which tissue type? a Muscle b Nervous tissue c Epithelium 45 Leukemia primarily affects which tissue? a Nervous tissue b Bone marrow intact c Blood-forming tissue 46 What is the term for cancer cells metastasizing? a Differentiation b Invasion and metastasis c Mitotic arrest 47 HER2+ cancer indicates what? a No receptor b Underexpressed receptor c Overexpressed growth receptor 48 BRCA1/2 mutations increase risk of? a Prostate cancer b Lung cancer c Breast/ovarian cancer 49 VEGF stimulates? a Angiogenesis b Demyelination c Apoptosis 50 Most dangerous skin cancer type? a Squamous cell b Basal cell c Melanoma 51 ABDCDE for melanoma checks? a Thickness, Ulceration, Depth b Age, Brightness, Density c Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolution 52 CAR-T therapy involves? a Chemotherapy only b Engineering T cells to target cancer c Radiation therapy only 53 What is the basic unit of humoral immunity? a T cells b Macrophages c B cells 54 Which virus needs a host cell to replicate? a Fungi b Bacteria c Virus 55 Which lab marker indicates inflammation? a Hemoglobin b CRP c Glucose 56 What does procalcitonin help assess? a Viral infection b Allergies c Bacterial infection 57 CO poisoning causes hypoxia by binding to? a Myoglobin b Cytochrome oxidase c Hemoglobin 58 Newborn immunity comes mainly from? a Maternal IgG and breastmilk IgA b Fetus IgM only c Child-produced IgG 59 VAP prevention includes elevating HOB to? a 0 degrees b 30-45 degrees c 60-75 degrees 60 Passive tolerance involves? a Only B cell tolerance b Activation of all T cells c Suppression and deletion of self-reactive cells 61 Central tolerance occurs in which organ? a Liver and spleen b Thymus and bone marrow c Lungs and kidneys 62 Autoantibodies are prevented by? a Innate immunity b Humoral tolerance c Cellular tolerance 63 HIV acute infection occurs how long after exposure? a 2-4 weeks b 1 day c 6 months 64 Opportunistic infections are common in which stage? a Acute illness b Early recovery c Clinical latency (asymptomatic) 65 What is a hallmark of cancer metabolism? a Lactic acidosis exclusively b Oxidative phosphorylation only c Aerobic glycolysis (Warburg) 66 Which cancer hallmarks involve angiogenesis? a Inducing angiogenesis b Avoiding apoptosis c Evading growth suppressors 67 Staphylococcus is described as which shape? a Cocci in clusters b Bacilli c Cocci in chains 68 Streptococcus is described as which shape? a Spirilla b Cocci in clusters c Cocci in chains 69 Nisseria bacteria are which shape? a Cocci in clusters b Cocci in pairs c Bacilli 70 Gram-positive cocci in clusters refers to? a Streptococcus b Staphylococcus c Neisseria 71 Proto-oncogenes mutate to form? a Tumor suppressors b DNA repair genes c Oncogenes 72 Which cancer phase includes spinal? a Acute leukemia only b Metastasis phase c Chronic leukemia phases 73 Which finding is NOT typical of pancytopenia? a Anemia b Bleeding c High RBC count 74 Which syndrome is linked to massive cytokine release after CAR-T? a Anaphylaxis b Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) c Septic shock 75 CAUTION acronym helps detect:** a Kidney danger b Cancer symptoms c Cardiac risk 76 Which cancer test is most definitive? a X-ray b Biopsy c Urine test 77 What is the function of T cells in cancer therapy? a Killer tumor cells, immunotherapy boosts response b No role in therapy c Only antibody production 78 What does VEGF promote in tumors? a Apoptosis b Angiogenesis c Fibrosis 79 What is the key feature of third-spacing examples? a Fluid trapped in spaces like ascites b Normal distribution c Fluid in vessels 80 Hypotension with dehydration is due to? a Decreased circulating volume b Fluid overload c Increased venous return 81 Which electrolyte abnormality can cause seizures? a Hyponatremia b Hypernatremia c Hyperkalemia 82 Which acid-base disorder is caused by vomiting? a Metabolic acidosis b Respiratory alkalosis c Metabolic alkalosis 83 What primarily signals the kidneys to reabsorb Na+? a Aldosterone b ADH c ANP 84 What lab indicates acute infection risk? a Platelets b Procalcitonin c Creatinine 85 Which cell type presents antigens to T cells? a Dendritic cells b Neutrophils c B cells 86 What type of immunity specializes memory response? a Innate immunity b Passive immunity c Adaptive immunity 87 What region is often involved in SIRS progression? a Organs failure b Hair follicles c Skin only 88 Which type of leukocyte is a first responder? a Neutrophils b Eosinophils c Lymphocytes 89 Which of the following is a serous inflammation example? a Blister with clear fluid b Fibrinous layer c Pus-filled abscess 90 Which organ produces albumin affecting oncotic pressure? a Lungs b Kidneys c Liver 91 Which lab reflects dehydration by high Hct? a Normal Hct b Low hematocrit c High hematocrit 92 Newborn immunity includes maternal IgG mainly via? a Exclusive newborn IgM b Placental transfer c Breastmilk IgA only 93 What is a sign of hypoxemia? a Normal PaO2 b High PaO2 c Low PaO2 94 Which condition increases bicarbonate reabsorption? a Respiratory acidosis b Metabolic alkalosis c Metabolic acidosis 95 Which condition causes chest infections in ventilated pts? a VAP prevention measures high-risk areas b Lower HOB always c Oral care only 96 Which statement about abb. ABDCDE relates to melanoma? a Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolution b Albedo, Border, Color, Diameter, Era c Appearance, Border, Color, Depth, Evolution 97 Which organ is key for clotting factors? a Liver b Spleen c Stomach 98 Which cancer therapy uses gene modification? a Chemotherapy b CAR-T therapy c Radiation therapy 99 Which WBC type is mainly involved in allergies? a Lymphocytes b Eosinophils c Neutrophils 100 Which infection test measures immune response strength? a Titer b Sedimentation rate c Hematocrit

nurs112 exam 1

Froggy Jumps

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Quiz de Culpa mía película

Froggy Jumps

nurs112 exam 1Versión en línea

por Clare Castillo

What drives fluid out of vessels in capillary beds?

What happens in 2nd spacing of fluids?

Which lab change is typical of hyponatremia?

Which electrolyte abnormality is most associated with peaked T waves?

Normal arterial pH range is:

ROME in ABG interpretation stands for:

Which type of inflammation lasts more than 2 weeks?

Which cell type is the first responder in acute inflammation?

HIV primarily targets which cells?

What hormone causes water retention in fluid balance?

What pressure pushes fluid out of vessels?

Which pressure pulls fluid into vessels?

1st spacing refers to what?

2nd spacing is associated with which condition?

3rd spacing describes fluid that is:

Fluid overload signs include all EXCEPT?

Best indicator of daily fluid status?

Fluid deficit signs include all EXCEPT?

What hormone causes water retention?

What ion is critical for cardiac rhythm (normal range 3.5-5.0)?

Normal serum sodium range?

Hypokalemia ECG sign?

Hyperkalemia dangerous ECG sign?

Hypocalcemia symptom?

Hypercalcemia may cause?

Hypochloremia often leads to?

Hyperchloremia typically presents with?

Which acid-base disorder has low pH and low HCO3-?

ROME stands for?

Acute inflammation is dominated by which cells first?

Chronic inflammation lasts longer than?

Serous inflammation produces?

Purulent inflammation produces?

SIRS can progress to?

Hypoxia type seen with environmental disease?

Ischemic hypoxia is due to?

Histotoxic hypoxia is caused by?

Innate immunity is:

IgM antibody indicates:

Which hypersensitivity type is TB test?

Which organ is targeted by HIV?

AIDS is defined by CD4 count of?

Opportunistic infection common in AIDS?

Carcinoma arises from which tissue type?

Leukemia primarily affects which tissue?

What is the term for cancer cells metastasizing?

HER2+ cancer indicates what?

BRCA1/2 mutations increase risk of?

VEGF stimulates?

Most dangerous skin cancer type?

ABDCDE for melanoma checks?

CAR-T therapy involves?

What is the basic unit of humoral immunity?

Which virus needs a host cell to replicate?

Which lab marker indicates inflammation?

What does procalcitonin help assess?

CO poisoning causes hypoxia by binding to?

Newborn immunity comes mainly from?

VAP prevention includes elevating HOB to?

Passive tolerance involves?

Central tolerance occurs in which organ?