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Ch 10 & 18.2 Evolution & CladogramsVersión en línea
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is
process
which
a
species
changes
over
time
A
are
organisms
that
and
produce
offspring
.
If
two
organisms
can
?
t
produce
offspring
,
or
if
the
offspring
can
?
t
reproduce
,
then
those
two
organisms
are
a
species
Note
:
can
?
t
evolve
,
you
don
?
t
change
your
genetics
over
time
But
,
over
time
,
in
the
human
can
change
,
so
the
human
can
evolve
Theory
of
Evolution
Please
realize
that
in
science
,
the
word
not
"
just
an
idea
"
or
"
unproven
"
.
People
outside
of
science
often
use
it
that
way
,
but
use
the
word
for
that
.
In
,
a
theory
is
a
of
/
why
something
happens
Theories
are
up
with
a
lot
of
are
considered
a
.
To
,
a
scientific
is
a
relatively
description
of
what
happens
.
Both
Laws
and
are
equally
in
,
have
a
lot
of
evidence
to
back
them
up
and
both
considered
to
be
or
factual
.
idea
of
evolution
Believed
in
spontaneous
generation
(
non
living
can
turn
into
things
)
Believed
:
There
was
a
to
become
better
/
more
Organisms
change
in
their
by
getting
/
improved
Pass
that
on
to
their
Called
:
of
According
to
,
they
ate
all
the
lower
on
the
tree
.
Then
they
their
.
.
.
making
them
longer
.
.
.
to
reach
leaves
up
.
They
passed
this
long
neck
trait
on
to
their
.
According
to
Lamarck
,
they
changed
their
(
neck
length
)
during
their
and
passed
that
new
trait
on
to
the
next
.
The
longer
neck
was
an
.
Traveled
around
the
world
in
the
HMS
and
noticed
three
things
:
Interspecies
variation
:
similar
species
are
in
similar
habitats
around
the
(
birds
:
ostrich
in
Africa
,
rhea
in
South
America
and
emu
in
Australia
)
Another
way
to
say
this
is
species
vary
.
"
Inter
"
means
.
.
.
similarities
between
different
organisms
.
Intraspecies
variation
:
different
species
are
in
habitats
,
e
.
g
.
tortoises
and
finches
in
Galapagos
Islands
.
Tortoises
have
different
shapes
;
finches
have
different
shapes
.
Another
way
to
say
this
is
species
vary
,
"
Intra
"
means
.
.
.
differences
within
similar
organisms
Species
vary
over
:
some
look
similar
to
modern
organisms
,
but
the
the
fossils
get
,
the
similar
they
look
to
modern
species
.
Charles
traveled
around
the
world
in
the
HMS
Beagle
and
noticed
(
differences
in
a
species
)
He
realized
some
of
these
variations
help
them
in
their
We
call
these
structures
.
Be
careful
!
Adaptation
is
a
noun
?
a
thing
?
something
an
organism
.
It
is
not
a
verb
?
a
process
?
something
an
organism
.
An
can
not
adapt
to
a
change
?
that
?
s
what
thought
.
A
can
adapt
over
time
,
through
the
following
process
?
.
:
exist
in
a
population
Overproduction
:
too
many
are
in
a
population
,
so
they
have
to
for
resources
(
food
,
water
,
shelter
,
sunlight
,
space
?
)
(
)
Adaptation
:
within
the
population
are
some
that
help
them
survive
(
a
trait
,
not
a
)
.
.
.
they
"
adapt
"
.
.
.
they
an
adaptation
(
or
not
)
Descent
:
those
organisms
that
survive
(
descent
)
and
that
adaptation
gets
passed
on
.
Over
time
the
changes
(
modification
)
.
Note
:
What
?
s
best
for
the
survives
and
is
inherited
.
That's
different
from
us
,
which
is
called
selection
.
is
an
example
of
artificial
selection
According
to
:
There
are
differences
(
)
in
the
population
of
giraffes
.
Some
have
necks
,
some
have
short
,
some
have
medium
necks
.
There
are
too
many
giraffes
and
not
enough
,
so
they
to
.
Giraffes
with
longer
necks
have
an
.
They
can
get
leaves
on
the
tree
.
The
longer
neck
IS
and
.
They
do
not
"
"
and
longer
necks
.
They
already
it
(
or
don't
)
.
The
ones
with
longer
necks
and
.
Over
time
,
the
ones
with
shorter
and
medium
necks
will
and
the
population
will
to
only
have
necks
.
This
is
called
.
Fossils
:
Species
vary
over
:
fossils
look
to
modern
organisms
,
but
the
the
fossils
,
the
less
similar
they
look
Fossils
of
species
modern
and
older
set
up
a
series
where
can
see
changes
?
called
:
The
study
of
what
organisms
live
where
.
Organisms
far
look
,
which
means
they
changed
over
time
to
fit
similar
.
This
is
what
Darwin
called
variation
or
species
vary
.
Similar
in
North
America
,
South
America
,
Africa
and
Australia
are
an
example
.
Organisms
close
together
have
slight
,
which
means
they
changed
to
fit
different
.
This
si
what
Darwin
called
variation
or
species
vary
.
(
birds
)
with
different
shapes
depending
on
the
on
their
island
is
an
example
.
:
the
study
of
how
organisms
develop
before
.
Many
creatures
look
very
when
early
in
.
This
means
those
development
are
similar
,
so
have
a
common
.
The
more
similar
they
,
the
more
similar
their
genetics
,
the
more
related
they
are
.
:
body
structures
structures
look
inside
and
out
,
shows
common
.
For
example
bird
and
wings
have
the
same
series
of
.
.
.
.
as
do
we
!
1
bone
,
2
bones
,
little
bones
,
lots
of
bones
.
Homo
means
.
.
.
in
this
case
same
,
same
structure
.
structures
look
the
same
,
but
inside
are
very
,
shows
no
ancestor
.
For
example
,
bird
wings
and
wings
.
Both
are
wings
and
fly
,
but
one
has
bones
(
birds
)
and
one
does
not
(
insects
)
.
structures
seem
to
serve
no
,
but
are
"
left
over
"
from
.
For
example
,
we
have
a
(
but
no
tail
)
tonsils
,
an
appendix
,
muscles
around
our
.
Whales
have
,
meaning
they
came
from
an
ancestor
that
on
land
!
Molecules
/
genetics
:
and
RNA
sequences
are
incredibly
between
similar
creatures
.
Remember
that
DNA
is
a
for
a
(
made
of
)
that
builds
a
or
a
function
.
Many
genes
are
similar
between
organisms
.
That
means
their
amino
acids
are
.
Which
means
their
proteins
are
similar
.
Which
means
the
are
similar
.
The
more
similar
these
are
.
.
.
DNA
,
RNA
,
amino
acids
,
proteins
.
.
.
the
less
they
have
,
more
related
organisms
are
.
Diagrams
that
shows
how
things
are
related
through
evolution
are
called
.
Organisms
close
together
on
the
diagram
are
related
,
organisms
farther
apart
are
closely
related
.
Where
lines
come
together
(
called
)
represents
a
,
now
extinct
.
that
separate
one
group
from
another
are
also
noted
.
Those
traits
are
called
and
a
group
that
has
it
is
called
a
.
Letters
on
this
cladogram
indicate
alive
today
.
Colors
on
this
one
identify
a
.
Those
organisms
share
some
the
others
do
not
have
called
a
.
It
is
usually
marked
.
Where
the
branches
come
is
a
and
represents
a
.
This
cladogram
has
them
numbered
.
These
are
organisms
that
were
once
,
but
aren't
anymore
.
Note
:
If
G
is
monkeys
and
H
is
humans
,
this
doesn
?
t
say
we
evolved
from
.
It
says
we
had
a
common
ancestor
4
that
into
monkeys
under
certain
and
humans
under
others
.
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