DNA and Proteins Quiz

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Stage 2 Biology DNA and Proteins Quiz:
DNA replication
DNA vs RNA
Protein synthesis
Protein structure
Enzymes
Phenotypes and epigenetics
DNA manipulation

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Rachel Morris

Australia

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DNA and Proteins Quiz


Froggy Jumps DNA and Proteins QuizVersión en línea Stage 2 Biology DNA and Proteins Quiz: DNA replication DNA vs RNA Protein synthesis Protein structure Enzymes Phenotypes and epigenetics DNA manipulation por Rachel Morris 1 Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication? a Helicase b DNA polymerase c Ligase 2 What is the base pairing rule in DNA? a A pairs with T, and G pairs with C b A pairs with G, and C pairs with T c A pairs with C, and G pairs with T 3 Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative? a Because half of the original DNA molecule is degraded b Because one strand is newly synthesized, and the other is from the original DNA c Because it only occurs in some cells 4 Which enzyme is responsible for joining DNA nucleotides to form a complete DNA strand during replication? a DNA polymerase b Helicase c Ligase 5 Why is it important that the bonds between complementary base pairs in DNA are weak hydrogen bonds? a To prevent mutations during replication b To make the DNA molecule more stable c To allow the DNA strands to separate easily for replication 6 What is the role of free DNA nucleotides during DNA replication? a To unwind the DNA double helix b To provide the building blocks for the new DNA strands c To stabilize the original DNA molecule 7 Which statement best describes how DNA polymerase functions? a It separates the double helix. b It adds new nucleotides to the existing strand. c It stabilizes the DNA structure. 8 Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA? a Thymine b Guanine c Uracil 9 Which of the following is a key structural difference between DNA and RNA? a DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar b DNA is single-stranded, while RNA is double-stranded c DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains guanine 10 Where does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells? a Cytoplasm b Ribosome c Nucleus 11 In RNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with Adenine (A)? a Uracil b Thymine c Cytosine 12 Which type of RNA carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm? a tRNA b rRNA c mRNA 13 What is the main function of rRNA? a To transport amino acids to the ribosome b To form the structure of the ribosome along with proteins c To carry genetic information from the nucleus 14 Which of the following is unique to RNA compared to DNA? a It contains phosphate groups. b It can catalyze biological reactions. c It forms a double helix. 15 What is a codon? a A sequence of three bases in mRNA that codes for an amino acid b A sequence of three bases in tRNA that codes for an amino acid c A sequence of three bases in DNA that codes for a protein 16 What is the role of tRNA in translation? a To carry a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm b To form the ribosome structure c o bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome 17 What is removed during RNA splicing to form mature mRNA? a Introns b Exons c Codons 18 During transcription, what molecule is synthesized using the DNA template? a Protein b tRNA c mRNA 19 What is the function of the anticodon on a tRNA molecule? a To bind to the ribosome b To attach to a specific amino acid c To bind to a complementary codon on mRNA 20 Where does translation take place? a Ribosome b Nucleus c Cell membrane 21 Which event occurs during the elongation phase of translation? a The ribosome binds to the mRNA. b Amino acids are added to the growing polypeptide chain c The mRNA is transcribed from DNA. 22 Which level of protein structure refers to the sequence of amino acids in the chain? a Primary structure b Secondary structure c Tertiary structure 23 What type of bond is responsible for the initial folding/coiling of the polypeptide chain in the secondary structure? a Ionic bond b Hydrogen bond c Covalent bond 24 What level of protein structure is most important for binding to other molecules? a Primary structure b Secondary structure c Tertiary structure 25 What type of interaction is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of a protein? a Peptide bonds b Hydrogen bonds c Disulfide bridges 26 Which level of protein structure is most directly determined by the sequence of amino acids? a Primary structure b Secondary structure c Tertiary structure 27 What is the significance of the tertiary structure of a protein? a It determines the sequence of amino acids. b It is important for the protein's overall 3D shape and function c It involves the arrangement of multiple polypeptide chains 28 What is a key characteristic of proteins with quaternary structure? a They consist of a single polypeptide chain. b They have multiple subunits. c They lack secondary structure. 29 How do enzymes affect reaction rates? a By increasing activation energy b By lowering activation energy c By altering the substrate 30 Where does the substrate bind to the enzyme? a Active site b Inhibitor site c Regulatory site 31 What happens to an enzyme when it denatures? a It becomes more active b It loses its shape and function c It binds more tightly to the substrate 32 What is meant by induced fit? a The enzyme alters shape for a better fit with the substrate b The perfect fit between an enzyme and substrate c The substrate forces the enzyme to change shape 33 What is the function of the active site of an enzyme? a To protect the enzyme from denaturation b To regulate the enzyme's activity c To bind the substrate and catalyze the reaction 34 How does an enzyme increase the rate of a reaction? a By lowering the activation energy b By increasing the activation energy c By changing the equilibrium of the reaction 35 Which environmental factor can influence enzyme activity? a Light intensity b Atmospheric pressure c pH 36 What is a mutation? a A change in the DNA sequence b The normal process of DNA replication c The process of protein folding 37 Which type of mutation has the greatest impact on the protein due to a frame shift? a Substitution b Deletion/Insertion c Silent Mutation 38 What environmental factor cannot cause mutations in genes and chromosomes? a Ionising radiation (e.g., UV, gamma rays) b Mutagenic chemicals (e.g., carcinogens) c Water 39 What type of mutation results in a change of a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence? a Frameshift mutation b Substitution mutation c Deletion mutation 40 Why do deletion or insertion mutations often have a greater impact on the protein compared to substitution mutations? a Because they cause a frameshift, altering multiple codons b Because they always result in a non-functional protein c Because they are more easily repaired by the cell 41 Which of the following is an example of a mutagenic agent that can cause mutations in DNA? a Water b Glucose c Ultraviolet (UV) radiation 42 What is a common outcome of a mutation in a regulatory gene? a Altered gene expression b Increased enzyme activity c Enhanced DNA replication 43 What is the purpose of PCR? a To cut DNA into fragments b To create many copies of a DNA sequence c To separate DNA fragments by size 44 : In gel electrophoresis, which DNA fragments travel further through the gel? a Fragments with more mutations b Larger fragments c Smaller fragments 45 What do DNA probes do? a Cut DNA at specific sequences b Recombine plasmids c Locate a specific gene of interest 46 What is the purpose of primers in PCR? a To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to begin replication b To cut the DNA into smaller fragments c To prevent the DNA strands from re-annealing 47 In gel electrophoresis, which DNA fragments move faster through the gel? a Fragments with more mutations b Larger fragments c Smaller fragments 48 What is the purpose of using a DNA probe? a To cut DNA at specific sequences b To locate a specific gene of interest c To amplify DNA sequences 49 What tool is used to cut DNA into fragments at specific sequences? a Restriction enzymes b DNA ligase c DNA polymerase 50 What determines the sequence of nucleotides during DNA replication? a The sequence on the template strand b The number of hydrogen bonds. c The type of sugar present. 51 Why is the "lagging" strand synthesised in short fragments in a semi-conservative replication? a DNA polymerase only works from the 5' to 3' end b DNA polymerase only works from the 3' to 5' end c This occurs due to weak hydrogen bonds 52 Which type of RNA combines with proteins to form ribosomes? a Messenger RNA (mRNA) b Transfer RNA (tRNA) c Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) 53 What can be said about the difference between DNA and RNA? a RNA is only located in the nucleus, DNA can be located in the nucleus and cytoplasm b DNA is only located in the nucleus, RNA can be located in the nucleus and cytoplasm c Both DNA and RNA can be located in the nucleus and cytoplasm 54 What can be said about ribosomes? a Ribosomes transport specific amino acids b Ribosomes transport a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm c Ribosomes are the location of translation 55 What are exons? a Sections of RNA that are joined together during splicing b Sections of DNA that are only active under certain conditions c Sections of RNA that are spliced and removed during splicing 56 Which of the following events is NOT part of transcription? a RNA Polymerase peels away from DNA b DNA strands rejoin c Free tRNA nucleotides attach to exposed bases on the template strand 57 How do protein molecules carry out their functions? a By dividing with other cells b By binding with other molecules c By producing new cells 58 What type of bond is a peptide bond? a A bond that exists between amino acids b A bond that exists within an individual amino acid c A bond that is only present in the secondary structure of a protein 59 Why do enzymes increase the chance of a reaction occurring? a They ensure molecules have the correct orientation to react b They allow molecules to have a larger size c They prevent molecules from increasing in size 60 An enzyme is complementary to its substrate, which allows them to: a Fit perfectly b Repel perfectly c Not interact 61 How does pH affect enzyme activity? a An enzyme has a large increase in activity above the optimum range b By changing the shape of the active site c By increasing substrate concentration 62 A mutation occurs on a nucleotide that doesn't code for a protein, what happens? a There is no change in the amino acid sequence of the protein/enzyme b The protein will change c The protein will change, but there will be no effect 63 Which of the following isn't something that causes mutations? a Errors in the size of cell division b Errors in DNA replication c Gamma radiation 64 How does DNA ligase assist in selecting and removing genes? a It seals the plasmid closed b It opens the DNA c It inserts the DNA into an enzyme 65 In DNA sequencing and profiling, the more bands present in the same position means: a Less closely related two people are b More closely related two people are c People are not related at all 66 What is the function of topoisomerase during DNA replication? a To add methyl groups to the newly synthesized DNA. b To relieve the strain on the DNA double helix caused by unwinding. c To proofread the newly synthesized DNA strands. 67 Semi-conservative replication results in: a Original DNA strands are destroyed to create new strands b The new DNA is entirely comprised of newly synthesised material c Each new DNA molecule having one old and one new strand 68 In what ways are the bases in DNA and RNA similar? a They both use uracil b They both use thymine c They both use adenine, guanine and cytosine 69 How does RNA assist in gene expression? a RNA inhibits gene expression b RNA helps express genes by working with protein machinery c RNA is not involved in gene expression 70 What does tRNA do? a transports specific amino acids to the location of translation b transports a copy of the DNA code to the nucleus c is another word for "codon" 71 What is the order of information flow, starting from DNA? a Transcription -> mRNA -> Translation -> Protein b Replication -> Protein -> Translation -> mRNA c Translation -> Protein -> Replication -> mRNA 72 At what level of protein structure are hydrogen bonds formed to create alpha helices? a Secondary Structure b Tertiary Structure c Quaternary Structure 73 What is the most important determinant of primary structure? a the order of amino acids b hydrogen bonds c its tertiary structure 74 Which bonds are the strongest bond holding proteins together? a Hydrogen b Hydrophobic c Covalent 75 How is the tertiary structure maintained? a Primarily hydrophobic interactions b Primarily hydrophilic interactions c Primarily metallic interactions 76 A protein is only comprised of one subunit. Which level of protein structure is this most likely? a Primary b Secondary c Tertiary 77 Enzymes are specific for their substrate and do not work if another substrate is present. This is most likely because: a Enzymes have a 3D active site, where the substrate fits perfectly b Enzymes need to be small in size c Enzymes need to have the correct amount of hydrogen bonds 78 An inhibitor binds to a location other than the active site. This is a: a Competitive inhibitor b Non-competitive inhibitor c Mixed inhibitor 79 Which of the following mutagens aren't high in energy? a Carcinogens b Gamma radiation c UV light 80 Which type of mutation generally has a small effect? a Frame shift b Point c Deletion 81 In which direction does DNA polymerase replicate in PCR? a 5' to 5' b 3' to 5' c 5' to 3'

DNA and Proteins Quiz

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DNA and Proteins QuizVersión en línea

por Rachel Morris

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding DNA during replication?

What is the base pairing rule in DNA?

Why is DNA replication called semi-conservative?

Which enzyme is responsible for joining DNA nucleotides to form a complete DNA strand during replication?

Why is it important that the bonds between complementary base pairs in DNA are weak hydrogen bonds?

What is the role of free DNA nucleotides during DNA replication?

Which statement best describes how DNA polymerase functions?

Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA?

Which of the following is a key structural difference between DNA and RNA?

Where does transcription take place in eukaryotic cells?

In RNA, which nitrogenous base pairs with Adenine (A)?

Which type of RNA carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm?

What is the main function of rRNA?

Which of the following is unique to RNA compared to DNA?

What is a codon?

What is the role of tRNA in translation?

What is removed during RNA splicing to form mature mRNA?

During transcription, what molecule is synthesized using the DNA template?

What is the function of the anticodon on a tRNA molecule?

Where does translation take place?

Which event occurs during the elongation phase of translation?

Which level of protein structure refers to the sequence of amino acids in the chain?

What type of bond is responsible for the initial folding/coiling of the polypeptide chain in the secondary structure?

What level of protein structure is most important for binding to other molecules?

What type of interaction is primarily responsible for the secondary structure of a protein?

Which level of protein structure is most directly determined by the sequence of amino acids?

What is the significance of the tertiary structure of a protein?

What is a key characteristic of proteins with quaternary structure?

How do enzymes affect reaction rates?

Where does the substrate bind to the enzyme?

What happens to an enzyme when it denatures?

What is meant by induced fit?

What is the function of the active site of an enzyme?

How does an enzyme increase the rate of a reaction?

Which environmental factor can influence enzyme activity?

What is a mutation?

Which type of mutation has the greatest impact on the protein due to a frame shift?

What environmental factor cannot cause mutations in genes and chromosomes?

What type of mutation results in a change of a single nucleotide base in the DNA sequence?

Why do deletion or insertion mutations often have a greater impact on the protein compared to substitution mutations?

Which of the following is an example of a mutagenic agent that can cause mutations in DNA?

What is a common outcome of a mutation in a regulatory gene?

What is the purpose of PCR?

: In gel electrophoresis, which DNA fragments travel further through the gel?

What do DNA probes do?

What is the purpose of primers in PCR?

In gel electrophoresis, which DNA fragments move faster through the gel?

What is the purpose of using a DNA probe?

What tool is used to cut DNA into fragments at specific sequences?

What determines the sequence of nucleotides during DNA replication?

Why is the "lagging" strand synthesised in short fragments in a semi-conservative replication?

Which type of RNA combines with proteins to form ribosomes?

What can be said about the difference between DNA and RNA?

What can be said about ribosomes?

What are exons?

Which of the following events is NOT part of transcription?

How do protein molecules carry out their functions?

What type of bond is a peptide bond?

Why do enzymes increase the chance of a reaction occurring?

An enzyme is complementary to its substrate, which allows them to:

How does pH affect enzyme activity?