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Fractals

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Fractals: frequency, the heart, and cáncer
A look at fractals in the sending and receiving of frequency, the anatomy of the heart, and the detection of cancer.

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fractals
english learning
frequency
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Mabel Lus
Mabel Lus
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FractalsVersión en línea

Fractals: frequency, the heart, and cáncer A look at fractals in the sending and receiving of frequency, the anatomy of the heart, and the detection of cancer.

por Mabel Lus
1

Mandelbrot's book, The fractal geometry of nature, was filled with examples of how his ideas could be useful to ---.

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2

Mandelbrot argued that with fractals he could exactly measure natural shapes and make calculations that could be applied to all kinds of formations from the --- patterns of rivers to the movements of clouds.

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3

So this domain of growing living systems wasn't just artwork, this was new science in the making.

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4

In the 1990's, a Boston radio astronomer named Nathan Cohen used fractal mathematics to make a technological breakthrough in electronic communication.

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5

Cohen had a hobby. He was a ham radio operator but his landlord had a rule against rigging antennas on the building.

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6

I was in an astronomy conference in Hungary and Dr. Mandelbrot was giving a talk about the large scale structure of the universe and reporting how using --- was a very good way of understanding that kind of structure which really wowed the entire group of astronomers. He showed several --- that I, in my own mind, looked at and said: "oh, it wouldn't be funny if you made an antenna out of that shape?" I wondered what it would do.

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7

One of the first designs he tried was inspired by the nineteenth-century shape of a snowflake. And I discovered, much to my surprise, that I could make the antenna much smaller using fractal design.

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8

Cohen's experiment soon led to another discovery: using a fractal design not only made the antenna --- but enabled them to receive a much wider range of frequencies.

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9

A mathematical theorem that showed that if you wanted to get something that works as an antenna over a very wide range of frequencies, you need to have self-similarity, it has to be fractal in its shape to make it work.

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10

You needed to be able to use all these different frequencies and have access to them without ten stubby antennas sticking out at the same time.

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11

Today's fractal antennas are used in tens of --- of cellphones and other wireless communication devices all over the world.

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12

Once you realize that a shrewd engineer would use fractals in many, many contexts, you better understand why nature, which is shrewder, uses them in its ways.

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13

The heartbeat is this timekeeper. Galileo was reported to have used his pulse to time the swinging of a pendulum motion so that it all fit with the idea that the normal heartbeat was like a metronome.

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14

The patterns looked familiar to Goldberger, who happened to have read Benoit Mandelbrot's book.

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15

It has turned out that the healthy heartbeat has this --- arquitecture.

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16

When it comes to a --- patient, we don't have the tools to be able to see these tiny blood vessels.

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17

What fractals do is they give you some simple rules by which you can create models and, by changing some of the parameters of the model, we can change how the structure looks.

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18

Burns discovered that the two kinds of networks had very --- fractal dimensions.

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19

We always thought that we had to do digital images sharper and sharper, ever more precise, ever more microscopic in their resolution to find out the information about the structure that is there. What's exciting about this is it's giving us --- information without actually having to look through a microscope.

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20

We think this fractal approach may be --- in distinguishing benign and malignant lesions in a way that hasn't been possible up to now.

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21

Fractals are offering clues to one of biology's most tantalising mysteries: why big animals use energy more efficiently than little ones?

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22

The bigger you are you need less energy per gram of tissue to stay alive.

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23

We took this big leap and said all of life in some way is sustained by these underlying networks that are transporting oxygen, resources, metabolites that are feeding cells, circulatory systems and respiratory systems and renal systems and neural systems. It was obvious that fractals were staring us in the face.

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