Test your knowledge of key linguistic theories, scholars, and terminology from our 4th-year syllabus. From Saussure and Chomsky to Labov and Halliday, can you complete the entire wheel? Think fast and show your linguistic expertise!
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B
C
D
E
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J
L
M
N
Ñ
O
P
Q
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S
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U
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A
Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Hockett say that the connection between a signifier (sound) and the signified (concept) is _________, meaning there is no natural or logical reason why a word has its specific name.
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B
A speaker who has the linguistic and communicative ability to use two different languages.
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C
The famous 20th-century American linguist who argued that language is an innate biological capacity and proposed the theory of Universal Grammar.
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D
A regional or social variety of a language that is distinguished by its own vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation.
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E
In the Ethnography of Communication, this is the "insider" perspective that tries to understand a speech act from the community's own cultural point of view.
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F
In Michael Halliday's Register framework, this variable refers to "what is happening" or the specific topic of the social interaction.
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G
In Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), these are culturally recognized, structured ways of getting things done in a society, shaped by the Context of Culture.
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H
The sociolinguist who introduced "Communicative Competence" and famously said that a child who only knew grammar rules but didn't know how to use them socially would be a "monster".
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I
In Charles Peirce's semiotics, this is a type of sign that physically resembles or imitates the object it represents, such as a photograph or a realistic drawing.
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J
The famous Prague School scholar who emigrated to the United States and identified the six functional factors of communication.
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L
The father of variationist sociolinguistics who conducted the famous 1966 study measuring the post-vocalic /r/ sound in New York City department stores.
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M
The branch of linguistics that studies the internal structure of words and how the smallest meaningful units (morphemes) are combined.
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N
The first name of Chomsky, the scholar who revolutionized linguistics with his Generative school of thought.
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Ñ
It contains ñ: The surname of your Linguistics teacher.
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O
The "_________'s Paradox" is Labov's term for the challenge that linguists face: they want to observe how people speak naturally, but the very presence of the researcher makes speakers change their style.
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P
The branch of linguistics that deals with the physical articulation, acoustic transmission, and auditory reception of speech sounds.
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Q
The type of scientific sociolinguistics pioneered by William Labov that uses statistical methods, counting, and mathematical numbers to analyze language variation.
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R
In SFL, this is the functional variety of language used in a specific Context of Situation, defined by Field, Tenor, and Mode.
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S
The scientific study of signs and sign systems in human communication, co-founded by Ferdinand de Saussure and Charles Sanders Peirce.
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T
In Halliday's Register framework, this variable refers to "who is involved" in the communication, describing the role relationships and social status of the participants.
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U
Chomsky proposed that all human beings are born with an innate biological capacity to acquire language, which he called "_________ Grammar".
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V
In variationist sociolinguistics, a linguistic _________ is a unit of language (like a sound) that has multiple different physical realizations (variants) depending on social factors like class or age.
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X
It contains x: Dell Hymes argued that grammatical rules are pedagogically useless unless students understand the social _________ of use (where, when, and with whom to speak).
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Y
It contains y: A person who is able to speak or write in several different languages fluently (spelled with a 'y'.
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Z
In morphology, a _________ morph is an expected grammatical unit that has no physical sound or spelling realization, such as the plural form of the word "sheep".
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