Relacionar Columnas HoU 9, 2026 Section 3Versión en línea Preparation for the state examination por Azat Mazkenov (MYP Individuals and Societies and DP Business Management) 1 Chagatai Khanate 2 - 3 Khwarezmshah State 4 Amir Temur State The state turned into a vast empire. In Transoxiana (Mawarannahr), the rule of the Karakhanids was brought to an end. Its true founder was Algü Khan. Algu Khan conquered part of Khwarezm, Turkestan, and Afghanistan, laying the initial foundations of the khanate. Although Suyurgatmish Khan from the Chinggisid clan and his son Sultan Mahmud Khan were appointed as rulers of the state, in fact were puppet khans. For 11 years, continuous struggle was waged against the Mongols in the territories of Khorasan, India, Iran, Iraq, and the Caucasus. 1 Basra Battle 2 - 3 Irgiz Battle 4 Isfakhan Battle Jalal ad-Din Manguberdi defeated the Mongol army led by Taynal Noyon. The united forces of Konya, Jazira, Damascus, and Egypt defeated the troops of Jalal ad-Din Manguberdi. The Khwarazmshah was unable to withstand the enemy’s assault; he was saved by a counterattack delivered by Jalal ad-Din’s army against the enemy. A 20,000-strong army sent by the Baghdad Caliph al-Nasir against Jalal ad-Din Manguberdi was completely defeated. 1 Siege of Samarkand 2 Siege of Bukhara 3 Defense of Otyrar 4 - For the defense of the city, Sultan Muhammad left 40,000 brave soldiers under the command of his uncle Toghai Khan. The townspeople wanted to save the population and after consulting, sent a delegation of elders led by Qadi Badriddin to Genghis Khan. The defenders held the city for five months. Gha’ir Khan, feeling guilty, fought the enemy until his last breath. The city was built on the bank of the Syr Darya River, where the river splits into two and the surrounding cliffs and the river served as a defense. 1 Deed of Kukhon 2 - 3 Deed of Najmiddin Kubro 4 Deed of Temur Malik At his command, 12 boats were built, covered with vinegar-soaked felt and coated with clay. Using these boats, he fought against the Mongol forces He attacked and defeated the Mongol forces besieging the fortress of Valiyan. Thus, he achieved the first major victory over the enemy. At the age of 76, he fought against the Mongols. Before his death, he attacked a Mongol warrior and killed him, and then he himself fell in battle. He took part in the defense of Bukhara. In one of the battles, he struck down several enemies at once, forcing the opponents to retreat. 1 Work of Shihab al-Din Muhammad an-Nasawi: “Biography of Sultan Jalal ad-Din Manguberdi.” 2 Work of Abulghazi Bahadur Khan: “Shajara-i Turk” (Genealogy of the Turks) 3 Work of Ala al-Din Juvayni: “History of the World-Conqueror” (Tarikh-i Jahangushay). 4 - According to the will of Genghis Khan, it is described that the Mongols gathered once a year for a feast called “toi” (feast/banquet). During the defense of Bukhara, the feat of the warrior Kukhan is described, whose courage was like that of a lion. He was of average height, strong build, with a Turkic appearance, spoke the Turkic language, but could also communicate in Persian. An old friend called Inalchik by his old name, not Ghayir Khan. Offended, Ghayir Khan had the merchants arrested. 1 Khoji Saifiddin 2 - 3 Alafa Tavachi 4 Bahouddin Razi The embassy aimed to gather reliable information on Genghis Khan and Mongol conquests in Tamgach, Tokhir, Tibet, China, and the Far East. He was sent by Amir Timur as an envoy to the ruler of Herat, Malik Ghiyath al-Din Pir Ali. He was sent by Genghis Khan to Sultan Muhammad Khwarazmshah with the demand to hand over the ruler of Otrar, Inalchik, to the Mongols. He was sent by Amir Timur to Gurganj with the aim of peacefully incorporating Khwarezm into the state. 1 Yam 2 - 3 Shulen 4 Bakshi A special decree issued by the ruler ordering the mobilization/assembly of the army. A tax paid by nomads in the form of products (in kind / natural form). Calligraphers who were responsible for writing special decrees of rulers and the “Zafarnama” (Book of Victory). Intermediate stations where messengers and travelers changed horses. 1 - 2 Muftiy 3 Arkbegi 4 Arzbegi Organized and conducted various official ceremonies. Gave legal opinions on civil and criminal cases. Controlled the condition of the army and the population, reviewed complaints, and supervised the improvement and maintenance of the country Ensured justice throughout the empire. 1 Finance reform of Kebek Khan 2 Finance reform of Mirzo Ulugbek 3 - 4 Finance reform of Masudbek In 16 cities and regions of Mawarannahr, coins made of pure silver of equal weight and high value were minted and put into circulation. The coins were known among the people as “fulusi adlia,” meaning “just/fair coin. For the first time in the country’s history, paper money was introduced into circulation, while copper coins continued to be used for small pays. Instead of one previously issued silver coin, small dirhams and large dinars were minted. 1 - 2 Bogi Davlatabad 3 Bogi Maidon 4 Bogi Bekhist It is located 5 km east of Samarkand, to the right of the road to Penjikent. It was built in honor of Tukal Khanum, one of Amir Timur’s wives Amir Timur created a garden to the west of Samarkand, dedicating it to his beloved wife Khairunniso. In some sources, it is called “Paradise Garden.” It was located at the foot of the Chupan-Ata hills, to the north of Samarkand. This garden was improved by Amir Timur’s grandson, Mirzo Ulugh Beg. It was located 13 km south of Samarkand. In this garden, Amir Timur rested after victorious campaigns and received foreign envoys.
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