EPIDEMIOLOGY

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30 MCQs

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JJMMC RESEARCH

India

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EPIDEMIOLOGY


EPIDEMIOLOGYVersión en línea 30 MCQs por JJMMC RESEARCH 1 In a disease with high subclinical proportion, the most appropriate epidemiological measure to assess burden is: a Incidence rate b Case fatality rate c Prevalence d Mortality rate 2 A disease shows cyclical peaks every 3–4 years. This represents: a Secular trend b Seasonal variation c Cyclical trend d Point epidemic 3 Which factor most strongly determines epidemic potential? a Virulence b Pathogenicity c Infectivity d Antigenicity 4 secondary cases occurring after the maximum incubation period suggest: a Propagated epidemic b Common source epidemic c Continuous exposure d Point source 5 A disease has high infectivity but low pathogenicity. Expected scenario: a Many cases, severe disease b Many infections, few clinical cases c Few infections, severe disease d No transmission 6 The most appropriate measure to compare disease occurrence between two populations of different age structures is: a Crude rate b Age-specific rate c Standardized rate d Incidence rate 7 Which of the following best explains disappearance of epidemics? a Reduced virulence b Herd immunity c Reduced pathogenicity d Environmental change 8 Which disease has shortest incubation period? a Hepatitis B b Influenza c Rabies d HIV 9 An outbreak affecting all age groups equally suggests: a Endemic disease b New exposure c Herd immunity d Chronic disease 10 Epidemiological transition stage with rising NCDs is: a Age of pestilence b Age of receding pandemics c Age of degenerative diseases d Age of emerging infections 11 If incidence = 10/1000/year and duration = 5 years, approximate prevalence is a 5% b 15% c 25% d 10% 12 A screening test has sensitivity 90% and specificity 90%. In low prevalence setting, PPV will be: a High b Low c Equal d Cannot say 13 False positive rate = a 1 – sensitivity b 1 – specificity c Sensitivity + specificity d PPV 14 Attributable risk is highest when: a RR is low b Exposure common c Exposure rare d RR = 1 15 Direct standardization requires a Age-specific rates b Total population c Crude rates d Only deaths 16 Which measure is most stable? a Rate b Ratio c Proportion d Incidence 17 Lead time bias affects: a Incidence b Mortality c Survival time d Prevalence 18 Matching controls a Bias b Confounding c Random error d Measurement error 19 RCT internal validity depends on: a Sample size b Randomization c External validity d Population 20 Hawthorne effect leads to a Measurement bias b Behavior change due to observation c Confounding d Random error 21 Null hypothesis rejected when: a p > 0.05 b p < 0.05 c CI includes 1 d RR = 1 22 Screening belongs to a Primary prevention b Secondary prevention c Tertiary prevention d Primordial 23 Infant mortality rate denominator a Total population b Live births c Total births d Women 24 Direct standardization requires a Standard population b Study population c Both d Sample population 25 In a screening program, increasing cutoff value will a Increase sensitivity b Increase specificity c Decrease both d 26 Secondary attack rate is calculated among: a Total population b Susceptible contacts c All exposed d Cases only 27 In a cohort study, the relative risk = 3, but the attributable risk is very low. Which scenario best explains this? a Exposure is very common b Exposure is very rare c Disease is very severe d Disease is less severe 28 A study finds a strong association between alcohol consumption and liver disease at the population level, but this association disappears when analyzed at the individual level. This is an example of a Simpson’s paradox b Ecological fallacy c Confounding d Selection bias 29 A screening test for a fatal disease is introduced. After 5 years, the screened group shows a much higher survival from the time of diagnosis, but disease-specific mortality is unchanged. Which is the best explanation? a Confounding b Lead time bias c Recall bias d Berksonian bias 30 A case-control study evaluating smoking and lung cancer uses hospital controls admitted for chronic bronchitis. The association is likely to be underestimated due to: a Recall bias b Observer bias c Berksonian bias d Length bias

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EPIDEMIOLOGYVersión en línea

por JJMMC RESEARCH

In a disease with high subclinical proportion, the most appropriate epidemiological measure to assess burden is:

A disease shows cyclical peaks every 3–4 years. This represents:

Which factor most strongly determines epidemic potential?

secondary cases occurring after the maximum incubation period suggest:

A disease has high infectivity but low pathogenicity. Expected scenario:

The most appropriate measure to compare disease occurrence between two populations of different age structures is:

Which of the following best explains disappearance of epidemics?

Which disease has shortest incubation period?

An outbreak affecting all age groups equally suggests:

Epidemiological transition stage with rising NCDs is:

If incidence = 10/1000/year and duration = 5 years, approximate prevalence is

A screening test has sensitivity 90% and specificity 90%. In low prevalence setting, PPV will be:

False positive rate =

Attributable risk is highest when:

Direct standardization requires

Which measure is most stable?

Lead time bias affects:

Matching controls

RCT internal validity depends on:

Hawthorne effect leads to

Null hypothesis rejected when:

Screening belongs to

Infant mortality rate denominator

Direct standardization requires

In a screening program, increasing cutoff value will

Secondary attack rate is calculated among:

In a cohort study, the relative risk = 3, but the attributable risk is very low. Which scenario best explains this?

A study finds a strong association between alcohol consumption and liver disease at the population level, but this association disappears when analyzed at the individual level. This is an example of

A screening test for a fatal disease is introduced. After 5 years, the screened group shows a much higher survival from the time of diagnosis, but disease-specific mortality is unchanged. Which is the best explanation?

A case-control study evaluating smoking and lung cancer uses hospital controls admitted for chronic bronchitis. The association is likely to be underestimated due to: