Relacionar Columnas finalVersión en línea antimicrobial methods por Ana Rosa Sanchez-Grande 1 Streptomycin 2 Hypersensitivity associated when host ingest or inhales antigens such as hives and hay fever 3 Pencillian 4 Actions include disrupting the ribosome-mRNA complex and inhibiting molecules from binding: 5 Reexposure to antigen causes memory cells to release destructive cytokines; antigens activate CTLs that kill target cell: 6 Drug-induced immune destruction of RBCs 7 Actions include inhibit DNA replication, transcription, and disrupt nucleotide manufacture 8 Platelets combine with drugs, forming a complex that is antigenic: 9 Antibodies and antigens form complexes that cause damaging inflammation 10 Occurs minutes after a person sensitized to an antigen is reexposed to that antigen: 11 Hypersensitivity that results when an individual sensitized to an antigen is exposed to it again and treatment included epinephrine: 12 Polymixin 13 T cells attack tissues: 14 When haptens combine with proteins in skin, producing an immune response such as allergic response to cosmetics and metals: 15 Ciprofloxin: 16 Antibodies and complement deposit in tissues: I 17 Autoantibodies, T cells, and macrophages attack myelin sheath of nerves: 18 Actions: detergent effect; least commonly used due to the negative effect to all cells: 19 Antibodies react with cell-surface antigens: 20 Occur with swelling and inflammation due to injection of foreign serum: 21 Actions include blocking pathways and inhibiting metabolism; inhibits the production a precursor of folic acid 22 Antigenic response beyond normal 23 Actions include inhibiting enzymes that build and manufacture peptidoglycan or causing lysis to occur: 24 Activation of complement by the combination of IgG or IgM antibodies with an antigenic cell and causes cell lysis by macrophages: 25 Sulfonamides with trimethoprim: 26 Study of hypersensitivity reactions Target: Folic Acid Synthesis immunopathology Cytotoxic (Type II) hypersensitivity Serum sickness Delayed Cell-Mediated Target: DNA and RNA Synthesis Localized anaphylaxis Thrombocytopenic purpura Target: DNA and RNA Synthesis Target: Cell Membrane Systemic anaphylaxis Target: DNA and RNA Synthesis Target: Cell Wall hemolyic anemia Immune Complex Target: Folic Acid Synthesis Anaphylactic reaction immune Complex (Type III) Target: Cell Membrane Target: Protein Synthesis Cell-mediated (Type IV) Target: Cell Wall Allergic contact dermatitis Cytotoxic reaction Cytotoxic (Type II) 1 Substance produced by a microbe that, in small amounts can inhibit another microbe to grow: 2 first and second lines of defenses physical and chemical 3 cytokines involved in the inflammation of autoimmune disease 4 Overgrowth of normal microbiota that is resistant to antibitoics: 5 cytokines between leukocytes 6 Finding and destroying pathogens without damaging the host: 7 cell mediated immunity 8 Term that describes killing of microbes 9 cytokines that induce migration of leukocytes 10 Drugs that affect a limited range of microbial types: 11 Term that describes preventing microbial growth: 12 Bacteria that are resistant to large numbers of antibiotics: 13 The effect of two drugs together is less than the effect of either alone: 14 smaller molecules that can combine to rereocgnized as antigen 15 Drugs that affect a wide range of microbial types: 16 Use of chemicals to treat a disease 17 cytokines that control stem cells that develop into erythrocytes and leuocytes 18 mounted response by the body against a specific reconginzed foreign molecule 19 specific pathogen, slower, memory 20 Synthetic substances that interfere with the growth of microbes: 21 The effect of two drugs together is greater than the effect of either alone: 22 fragment of megakaryoctye aid in repairing damaged Blood vessel 23 antibody mediaed immunity 24 Microbes with genetic characteristics allowing for their survival when exposed to an antibiotic: 25 cytokines that infere with viral infections of host cells interleukins adaptive immunity innate immunity broad spectrum thrombocyte superbug Narrow spectrum bactericidal bacteriostatic chemokines hapten selective or adpative immunity Selective toxicity hematopoeitic cytokines interferons synergism tumor necorosis factor alpha Chemotherapy antimicrobial drugs ntibiotic superinfection cellular response persister cells : Antagonism humoral response 1 exocrine gland secrection, allergic reactions 2 an abnormal state in which the body is not performing normal functions 3 fluid and plasma 4 algae 5 invasion or colonization of body by pathogen 6 blood positioning 7 Vasoactive mediator that is found in blood plasma that enhances other immune responses—cytolysis, opsonization, and inflammation 8 Found in the blood plasma and uses chemotaxis to recruit neutrophils 9 a generalized infection that began as a local one 10 development of disease 11 protoza 12 one benfit, one unaffected 13 breast milk, saliva, tears 14 Produced by basophils, thrombocytes, and mast cells that increases the dilation and permeability of blood vessels 15 complete cel with nucelus fihgt aganst infections and disease 16 helminths 17 B lymphocyte cellz, B cell avtivation 18 infection troughout body 19 inapparent infection or an infection that has no noticebale signs or symptoms 20 Secreted from mast cells and basophils only to help attach phagocytes to pathogens 21 fungi 22 ABO antibodies 23 Localized hormones will be secreted by damaged cells to intensify the effects of other vasoactive mediators and aid phagocytes in diapedesis 24 opportunistic infection after intial one 25 Secreted by fixed macrophages only to dilate and increase permeability of blood vessels prostaglandins pathogensis infection saxitoxin, liver enzyme elevations ig A leukocyte ig M histamine commensalism systemic infections cytokines ig G kinnins septicemia ig D disease focal infection compliment activation wawste productsd = organ failure, nausuesa, fatigue leukotrines secondary infection mycotoxins, provoke allergic response, alkaloid toxins for hakllucinations waste= blood and protein loss, used tissue for growth ig E subclinical disease 1 3 2 Provide a “no-delay” antibody-mediated response to future exposures to the same foreign antigen 3 cause of disease 4 2 5 transmission from mother to fetus or newborn at brith 6 airborne water borne food brone transmission 7 6 8 Lymphocytes that will recognize nonself antigens and release proteins to "drill" holes into foreign cells; mounts an attack on cancerous cells 9 Lymphocytes that will stimulate other immunity cells by releasing chemicals called cytokines 10 Lymphocytes that secrete antibodies 11 infection while reciving helath care 12 pathogen reproduces in vector, transmitted via bites or poop 13 4 14 Lymphocytes that suppress T cells against self antigens, such as protecting intestinal bacteria required for digestion and protecting a fetus 15 airborne droplet less than a meter from reservor 16 study of disease 17 1 18 complete, fully developed viral particle 19 Provide a “no-delay” cell-mediated response to future exposures to the same foreign antigen 20 soil and water sources 21 passive transprt of pathogens on the arthropods body parts 22 Lymphocyte that can recognize antibodies on the surface of pathogens, attach, and secrete toxins around the pathogen to kill the pathogen 23 protein coat made upnof capsomeres 24 formite 25 5 mechanical transmission capsid nosocomial congenital transmission memory b cells natural killer cels cytotoxic t cells pathology droplet trnasmission veichle transmision plasma b cells capsid enteres by receptor mediated endocytosis or fusion etiology biology transmision t reg. cells viron nonliving resoviours nucleic acid and cpasid protens assmeb uncoaitng and rep=move capsid by enzyems indirect contact transmission production of nucelic acid and proteins memory t cels release of enveloped viruses by budding or ruptur helper t cels attachtment by to host cell membrane 1 Common bread mold 2 Excavata that are photoautotrophs or facultative chemotrophs 3 Excavata that does not possess a mitochondria 4 Chronic diarrhea and keratoconjunctivitis 5 Protozoan that moves by pseudopods 6 2 7 1 8 Causes malaria and toxoplasmosis 9 Asexual—sporangiospore; sexually—zygospore 10 trichomas 11 Can cause blindness, dysentery, and encephalitis 12 human pathogens—skin infections, respiratory infections 13 Complex life cycle: anopheles, sporozoite, merozoite, ring stage 14 Waste composting—rich in laccases 15 Possess a red eyespot 16 Locomotion via cilia 17 Club fungi 18 Asexually—conidiospore; sexually—ascospore 19 3 20 lacks mitochondria 21 Balantidium coli—human parasite 22 Edible mushrooms, morels, and truffle 23 4 24 Excavata that possess a modified mitochondria called hydrogenosome 25 Giardia cillate apicomplexa cilliate micropodia phage dna integrates with bacterial chromosome, prophage parabasalid basidiomycota euglenozoa ascomycota amebae phage atttacthes by the tail fiber to host cell infected bacterium reporudces and tranfers viral dna to offspring euglenozoa zygomycota phahge lysozyeme open cell wall, tail contracts and forces dna into cell zygomycota diplomonad ascomycota parabasalid basidiomycota microsporidia diplomonad amebae apicocomplexa ascomycota 1 murray 2 Requires small amounts of oxygen in their environment 3 plants 4 nonpathogenci prokaryotes 5 hyperthermophiles 6 Blood fluke 7 Require large amounts of nutrients from anaerobic decomposition 8 Lung fluke 9 woese 10 Helminth that possess a scolex 11 whittaker 12 edourard chatton 13 methanogens 14 Vinegar eel 15 pathogenic microbes 16 Capable of growing with very low levels of nutrients 17 General name for flat leaf-shaped helminth 18 Small subgroup; includes sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRBs) 19 Heartworm 20 fungi 21 carl nageli 22 ernst haeckel 23 Taenia solium 24 animals 25 Most diverse subgroup; large number of human pathogens archea Classifying Bacteria and Fungi in Kingdom Plantae nematoda Trematode cestode eukarya Epsilonproteobacteria Nematoda Domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya Alphaproteobacteria Schistosoma ukarya Cestode Coining the term "Prokaryote" \Paragonimus bacteria 5-kingdom system Kingdom Protista archaea Gammaproteobacteria Betaproteobacteria bacteria eukarya Deltaproteobacteria Kingdom Prokaryotae 1 1 2 Enterobius vermicularis 3 2 4 3 5 General name for tapeworms 6 Hookworms 7 4 8 Helminth with proglottids—male and female reproductive organs 9 5 10 Cylindrical and has a complete digestive system engulfed cell will preform a specific function for larger cell smaller cell will become specialzed cestode larger cell does not digest smaller cell nematoda nematoda small cell loses ability to survive alone nematoda cestode a larger prokaryotic cell engulfs a smaller prokaryotic cell
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