Relacionar Columnas Micro ex. 5Versión en línea immunological por Ana Rosa Sanchez-Grande 1 cuts produce DNA fragment two sticky ends. fragment contains an overhang of nucleotides (sticky end) that are identical to the original DNA fragment 2 A restriction enzyme cuts (red arrows) double-stranded DNA at its particular recognition sites 3 When two such fragments of D N A. cut by the same restriction enzyme come together, they can join by base pairing. 4 The joined fragments will usually form either a linear molecule or a circular one. 5 The enzyme DNA ligase is used to unite the backbones of the two DNA fragments, producing a molecule of r DNA. 5 4 1 2 3 1 polymorphic Dna is packaged as paired chromosomes polysaccharide cell wall mitosis 2 prenucleus monomorphic petidoglycan cell wall binary fission dna is in a circular chromosome 3 cillia and flagells ribosomes possess cell membrane eukaryote only prokaryote only both prokaryote and eukaryote 1 function of carbohydrates 2 building block of carbohydrates 3 structural level of protein- specific way and location one protein binds to another protein 4 building blocks of nuceic acids 5 contains CHO and sometimes S 6 contains chonp 7 organic compound that is water insoluble and non polar 8 contain cho, h is most abundant and o is least abundant 9 building blocks of protein 10 contains cho in the formula 11 building components of lipids proteins carbohydrates lipid gyceral back bone, fatty acids, and phosopholids quaternary nucleotides lipids nucleic acids main energy source for cells monosaacharide amino acid 1 nucleus 2 golgi body 3 rough ER 4 mitochondrion 5 smooth ER refine, modify, papckage cell products lipid synthesis produces atp protein syntheiss has DNA 1 photophosphorylations 2 substrate donates a high energy phosphate group to ADP 3 detergents, surfactants 4 heterlactic fermentation 5 thermal death times 6 Hydrogen peroxide 7 oxidative 8 alcholic fermentation 9 halogens (chlroine and iodine) 10 mixed acid fermentations 11 thermal death point 12 decimal reduction time 13 homolactic fermentations 14 alchohols produce OH free radical shortest length of time required to kill microbe at a specific temperature denatures proteins lowest temp to kill all cells in 10 min final products are lactic acid and other compounds convert pruvi acid into ethanol and co2 redoc reactions produce enefy allowig addition of high energy phosphate to adp final product is mainly lactic acid minutes taken to kill 90% of pop at a given temp makes holes in lipid membrane final products are variety of acids dissolve lipids light enerfy is convert to chemical in form of atp in transfer or electons as the pass throuhg carriers substrate level 1 likes cold environemtns 2 ph above 8.5 3 optimal growth between 45-70c 4 least resistant 5 ideal temp for growth is 15 to 5 6 1 7 optimal growth is great than 70c 8 use o2 for metabolism 9 like salty enviornments 10 5 11 free licing organism, not in host 12 does not use o2 but can tolerate it 13 can tolerate high salinity but does not require it 14 3 15 2 16 optimmum grwoth greater than 80c 17 likec acidid (low pH) enirovments 18 highest resistante 19 7 20 6 21 moderate resitant 22 can withstand ip to 10% salinaty 23 cannot use o2 for metabolism 24 4 alkalinophile rna and rna polmerase are release, dna helix reforms psychrophile psychorphile hyperthermophile initiations, RNA polmerase binds to promoter bacterial vegatative cells, ordinary fungal sposes, enveloped viruses, yeats, and protoza termination, trnascription reachers terminatioor stop condon, rna strand is compelte the site of synthesis moves along dna, the dna transcribed rewinds up elongation, rna is synthesiszed by comp. bases pairing of NT, DNA is tmeplate halotolerant obligate saprobe hyperthermophile acidophile rotozoan cysts, sexual fungal spores, naked viruses dna unwinds at the beginning of a gene, with start codon thermophile halophile aerobe areotolerant anarobe mRNa contain language to make the protein and binds to a ribosome endospores, prions halophiles anaerobe 1 Screening of parental or fetal tissue for several hundred possible genetic diseases 2 Genetic analysis that begins with a piece of DNA and proceeds to find out what it does 3 4 4 clone 5 5 6 1 7 vector 8 shuttle vector 9 Stopping of gene expression when a small DNA insert encoding siRNA against a gene of interest and cloned into a plasmid and transferred into a cell 10 Vaccine made from pathogen proteins in genetically modified yeasts 11 Vaccine consist of a nonopathogenic virus that is carrying a pathogen's antigens 12 recombinant dna r(DNA) technology 13 Field that utilizes computer-assisted analysis to understand gene function 14 Use of CRISPR to correct genetic mutations at specific locations 15 Defense against viruses and transposons where small interfering RNAs bind to mRNA to be finally destroyed by proteins, RISC 16 The therapeutic application where defective genes or missing genes are replaced 17 Analysis of DNA by electrophoresis to identify pathogens 18 7 19 Use of bacteria and its molecule-sized particles to be used in drug targeting and delivery in a host 20 8 21 6 22 A technique that uses DNA probes to detect the presence of specific DNA in restriction fragments (RFLPs) separated by gel electrophoresis. 23 3 24 2 25 The science of determining all of the proteins expressed in a cell sewage is screened skimmed and ground at the end of secondary trearmetn a settling tank holds solids that comes out of suspension population of genetically idential celss arrisngn from eone each carries the vectore effluent is diinfected by chlorination and releassed into the enviornemtns southern blotting nanotechnology gene editing gene silencing self replicating dna molcule used to transport forgign dna into a cel;l the primary effluent undergoes aeration, microorganimss oxidize organic matter, filter or sludge system sludeg eflluent is moved and dried on drying bed proteomics subunit vaccine dna vaccine reverse genetics remain sludge from primary sedimentation tank and settling tank is digested by anaerobic bacteria producing methane and co2 rna interfernece bioinformatics sel f replicating dna molecue exists in several differen specifies and can moved cloned sequences among organism dna fingerprinting field that focuses in insertion or midification of gene to produce desired proteins for advance solid matter settles out into primary sedimentation tank genetic testing gene therapy dried sludge is removed and disposed in landfil or agricultural alnd 1 3 2 ear infection 3 5 4 genital herpes 5 prevent atp production 6 2 7 transformation 8 histoplasmosis 9 1 10 candida albicans 11 trichomoanas 12 gene gun 13 paralysis of helminths 14 alters memrbane permeability 15 tuberco=uosis 16 protoplast fusion 17 interferes with nutrient absorption 18 6 19 electroporation 20 4 21 microinjection 22 diptheria 23 influenza 24 whopping cough niclosamide pnemunia, night sweats medbendazole and albendazole praziquantel nitrification: and nitrate ion into nitrate ions ammonification: amino acids into ammonia protozoan psuedomembrane on throat and tonsils fluid in middle ear ivermectin dna insert into cell in electrical current from pores in cell membrane virus fungus or yeats deamination, protien into amino acids denitrification: nitrate ion into nitrous gas whoop sound in cough nitrogen fixation: nitrgoen gas into ammonia dry cough, fever, extereme fatique, body aches insert dna by remvng cell wall to all fusion bullet introduces dna dna insert in cell, cell takes dna tubercles in lung echnique using flass micropipette to puncture and insert dna ammonia disassociates into ammonium ions in water 1 2 2 3 3 6 4 1 5 5 6 4 water enters particulate filtration water is mized with flocculnt raw water is held in resovoir to allow particulates to settle water is treted by chloronation and oxone treatment or uv ligth exposure water is stored before used by consumers aggregates of the flocculant mizture settles out and carry colloidal partcles out of suspension 1 Use of nonhuman tissue 2 Subunit vaccines produced by genetic modification: 3 Body's immune response to cancer: 4 Used for diseases in children with poor immune response: 5 Avirulent viruses or bacteria are genetically modified to deliver genes coding for antigens: 6 Requires repeated booster doses: I 7 self antigens on cell surfaces: 8 Use of one's own tissue 9 genes encoding histocompatibility antigens: 10 Made from molecules in pathogen’s capsule; not very immunogenic: 11 Master cells capable of renewing themselves and differentiating into organ-specific specialized cells: 12 Use of antigenic fragments: 13 Use of identical twin's tissu 14 Stimulating humoral and cellular immunity with injecting naked DNA to produce protein antigen 15 Cells that are harvested from blastocysts and can generate all types of cells: 16 Closely mimic an actual infection 17 Use of inactivated toxins: 18 Use of toxin-bearing antibodies or endotoxins to stimulate or enhance the normal immune response in order to attack tumor cells 19 Regions in the body where transplants do not cause an immune response such as cornea: 20 Reaction response to nonhuman antigens 21 Induced mostly humoral immunity: 22 Made up of weaken pathogen 23 Use of substance that resemble intact viruses but do not contain viral genetic material: 24 Use of tissue from another person who is not an identical twin 25 MHC genes in humans 26 Can result in lifelong cellular and humoral immunity: hyperacute rejection Live attenuated vaccines Histocompatibility antigens live attenuated vaccines Embryonic Stem Cells Virus-like particle vaccines immune surveillanc Stem cells immunotherapy Allograft major histocompatibility complex MHC Recombinant vaccines Xenotransplantation product Autograft Conjuaged vaccines Privileged site Polysaccharide vaccines inactivated killed vaccines Nucleic acid vaccines Toxoids HLA complex Recombinant vector vaccines Subunit vaccines Inactivated killed vaccines Isograft Live attenuated vaccines
Análisis de los sutantivos.
Empareja los nombres de las 7 maravillas del mundo moderno con su imagen al atardecer