Campbell Biology: Chapters 14–15 Quiz

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Genetics & biotechnology basics

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Campbell Biology: Chapters 14–15 Quiz


Campbell Biology: Chapters 14–15 QuizVersión en línea Genetics & biotechnology basics por Kamryn Wilcox 1 What is the basic unit of heredity that codes for a polypeptide or function? a Allele b Chromosome c Gene d Genome 2 Which enzyme unwinds DNA strands during replication? a DNA ligase b Topoisomerase c DNA helicase d Primase 3 What RNA type carries amino acids to ribosomes during translation? a tRNA b rRNA c mRNA d snRNA 4 Which process uses a DNA template to synthesize a complementary RNA? a Transcription b Translocation c Replication d Translation 5 Which enzyme seals nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone during replication? a Topoisomerase b DNA ligase c DNA polymerase d Primase 6 What is the organelle where most mRNA is translated into protein? a Nucleus b Ribosome c Golgi apparatus d Mitochondrion 7 Which biotechnology technique amplifies DNA segments exponentially? a RT-PCR (quantitative) b ELISA c PCR d Southern blot 8 Which method separates DNA fragments by size using an electric field? a Mass spectrometry b Chromatography c Gel electrophoresis d Centrifugation 9 CRISPR-CNAs are used primarily for which purpose in genetics? a Protein folding b RNA splicing c Genome editing d DNA replication 10 Which term describes the visible expression of a genotype? a Genotype b Phenotype c Karyotype d Genomics 11 What is the basic unit of heredity in organisms studied in these chapters? a Gene b Nucleotide c Chromosome d Protein 12 DNA is a polymer made of repeating units called what? a Amino acids b Lipids c Sugars d Nucleotides 13 The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication is called? a DNA ligase b Topoisomerase c DNA helicase d Primase 14 What enzyme joins DNA fragments on the lagging strand? a DNA ligase b DNA polymerase c Primase d RNA polymerase 15 In transcription, which molecule is made using a DNA template? a DNA b rRNA c mRNA d tRNA 16 Which base pairs with adenine in DNA? a Cytosine b Uracil c Guanine d Thymine 17 What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis? a Transcribe RNA b Replicate DNA c Translate mRNA into a polypeptide d Modify amino acids 18 Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome? a mRNA b rRNA c DNA d tRNA 19 The sequence of three bases on tRNA that pairs with codon is called? a Exon b Codon c Anticodon d Triplet 20 What is the genetic code largely described as? a A random code b A nearly universal code c A dual code d A silent code 21 Which cellular process converts mRNA into a protein? a Transcription b Transduction c Replication d Translation 22 Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells? a Nucleus b Ribosome c Mitochondria d Cytoplasm 23 Which feature increases gene expression variability in prokaryotes in response to the environment? a Telomeres b Operon (e.g., lac) c Introns d Exons 24 What is the central dogma of molecular biology? a DNA -> Protein -> RNA b RNA -> DNA -> Protein c Protein -> RNA -> DNA d DNA -> RNA -> Protein 25 During replication, what is the function of primase? a Unwind DNA b Proofread base pairs c Lay down RNA primer d Seal DNA fragments 26 Which organelle is the site of translation of proteins destined for secretion? a Mitochondrion b Rough endoplasmic reticulum c Golgi apparatus d Nucleus 27 What is a codon? a A single nucleotide in DNA b A three-base sequence in mRNA c A three-base sequence in tRNA d A type of amino acid 28 Which RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome? a tRNA b rRNA c snRNA d mRNA 29 Which enzyme proofreads newly synthesized DNA? a Topoisomerase b RNA polymerase c DNA ligase d DNA polymerase III (proofreading activity) 30 What is the term for noncoding regions within a gene that must be removed? a Promoters b Introns c Exons d Codons 31 What is the name of the region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription in bacteria? a Terminator b Operator c Enhancer d Promoter 32 In eukaryotes, what modification is added to mRNA ends? a RNA editing only b No modification c Introns only d 5' cap and poly-A tail 33 What is the product of transcription? a DNA b mRNA c tRNA d rRNA 34 Which term describes the physical expression of a genotype? a Genotype b Allele c Genomic sequence d Phenotype 35 Which molecule forms the main structural component of ribosomes? a rRNA b DNA c tRNA d mRNA 36 Which process ensures genetic variation during meiosis? a Replication b Crossing over c Transcription d Translation 37 Which enzyme seals nicks after Okazaki fragment synthesis? a Primase b Gyrase c DNA ligase d Helicase 38 What is the function of the lac operon in E. coli? a Sends signals to ribosomes b Regulates lactose metabolism c Transcribes tRNA d Replicates DNA 39 Which component is not part of a nucleotide? a Nitrogenous base b Amino group c Phosphate group d Sugar 40 Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome? a snRNA b rRNA c mRNA d tRNA 41 What is transcription in one sentence? a Synthesis of DNA from RNA b Synthesis of RNA from a DNA template c RNA splicing only d Protein assembly 42 What is a gene+ its regulatory elements called? a Operon b Chromosome c Genomic locus d Codon 43 Which process creates a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template? a Recombination b Transcription c Translation d Replication 44 Which stage follows transcription in gene expression? a DNA replication b RNA processing in eukaryotes (if applicable) and translation c RNA replication d Protein degradation

Campbell Biology: Chapters 14–15 Quiz

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Campbell Biology: Chapters 14–15 QuizVersión en línea

por Kamryn Wilcox

What is the basic unit of heredity that codes for a polypeptide or function?

Which enzyme unwinds DNA strands during replication?

What RNA type carries amino acids to ribosomes during translation?

Which process uses a DNA template to synthesize a complementary RNA?

Which enzyme seals nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone during replication?

What is the organelle where most mRNA is translated into protein?

Which biotechnology technique amplifies DNA segments exponentially?

Which method separates DNA fragments by size using an electric field?

CRISPR-CNAs are used primarily for which purpose in genetics?

Which term describes the visible expression of a genotype?

What is the basic unit of heredity in organisms studied in these chapters?

DNA is a polymer made of repeating units called what?

The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication is called?

What enzyme joins DNA fragments on the lagging strand?

In transcription, which molecule is made using a DNA template?

Which base pairs with adenine in DNA?

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Which molecule carries amino acids to the ribosome?

The sequence of three bases on tRNA that pairs with codon is called?

What is the genetic code largely described as?

Which cellular process converts mRNA into a protein?

Where does transcription occur in eukaryotic cells?

Which feature increases gene expression variability in prokaryotes in response to the environment?

What is the central dogma of molecular biology?

During replication, what is the function of primase?

Which organelle is the site of translation of proteins destined for secretion?

What is a codon?

Which RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome?

Which enzyme proofreads newly synthesized DNA?

What is the term for noncoding regions within a gene that must be removed?

What is the name of the region where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription in bacteria?

In eukaryotes, what modification is added to mRNA ends?

What is the product of transcription?

Which term describes the physical expression of a genotype?

Which molecule forms the main structural component of ribosomes?

Which process ensures genetic variation during meiosis?

Which enzyme seals nicks after Okazaki fragment synthesis?

What is the function of the lac operon in E. coli?

Which component is not part of a nucleotide?

Which type of RNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome?

What is transcription in one sentence?

What is a gene+ its regulatory elements called?

Which process creates a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template?

Which stage follows transcription in gene expression?