Test: Autonomic Meds Mastery (sweating - gastrointestinal - pulmonary - coma - confusion - hypertension - sepsis - tachycardia - heart rate - vomiting - vasodilation - diarrhea - constipation - to reduce hyper motility of the urinary bladder - block cardiac receptors on the sa node of the heart causing increase in hr - rapid breathing - urinary retention via contraction of internal or external urethral sphincters - and reduced insulin secretion. beta-1 (β1): this is located in postsynaptic effector cells in the sa node of the heart - constriction of arteries and veins - terazosin - doxazosin blurred vision - mydriasis - stimulation of platelet aggregation - urinary retention - urinary urgency - and piloerection. adrenoreceptor antagonists: bradycardia - and bronchial constriction. anticholinergics: tachycardia - especially angle-closure - xerostomia (dry mouth) - and increased intraocular pressure. adrenoreceptor agonists or sympathomimetics: tremor - cutaneous vasodilation - adverse effects due to the various effects of the ans on cardiovascular - cardiogenic shock - volume-depleted/hypotension - excessive salivation - and genitourinary systems - and hypotension. go to: contraindications based on the adverse reaction profiles of each category - bradycardia - bronchospasm - older men with benign prostatic hyperplasia - and reduced ejection fraction heart failure. anticholinergics: relative contraindications in glaucoma - contraindications include bradycardia and hypotension. go to: monitoring vital signs - and myocardial ischemia - whereas for β-blockers - and peptic ulcer disease. atropine is specifically not recommended for children - they include asthma/copd. for the nonselective agents - including blood pressure - oxygen saturation - and temperature - respiratory rate - physostigmine can be used in extreme cases - including neostigmine - bronchial constriction - pyridostigmine - high doses of these agents were used in chemical warfare and would present as miosis - tremors and bronchospasm are worrisome in cases of overdose. glucagon serves as the reversal agent in such situations. - and physostigmine: historically - determine cardiogenic shock versus obstructive shock (massive pulmonary embolism) - as listed.[8][42]43][44] cholinesterase inhibitors - progressing to convulsions - there is no approved reversal agent. however - and diarrhea - atropine can cause vision disturbances - bladder sphincter tightens. - alpha‑2 = brake stops norepinephrine release → lowers bp. - beta‑1 = heart beats harder - faster. - beta‑2 = lungs + smooth muscle relaxation bronchodilation - pupils enlarge - bladder sphincter tightens. • alpha‑2 = brake stops norepinephrine release → lowers bp. • beta‑1 = heart beats harder - faster. • beta‑2 = lungs + smooth muscle relaxation bronchodilation)


Autonomic Meds MasteryVersión en línea Autonomic receptor quiz por Angela Valley 1 Which receptor subtypes are targeted by alpha-1 and alpha-2 agonists? a Dopamine D1 receptors b Alpha-1 and Alpha-2 receptors c Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors d Mu opioid receptors 2 Beta agonists mainly activate which receptor subtypes? a Alpha-1 and Beta-3 receptors b Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors c Dopamine receptors d Beta-3 and Alpha-2 receptors 3 Which receptor mediates detrusor relaxation for overactive bladder treatments? a Alpha-1 receptors b Beta-3 receptors c Beta-1 receptors d Delta opioid receptors 4 Clonidine is an alpha-2 agonist. What nursing consideration is essential? a Check for hyperglycemia b Assess for miosis c Monitor blood pressure for hypotension d Monitor for bronchospasm 5 Beta-1 selective blockers are primarily used to: a Relieve URIs b Increase peripheral resistance c Decrease heart rate and contractility d Cause bronchoconstriction 6 Nonselective beta blockers can cause bronchoconstriction due to blockade of which receptor? a Alpha-1 receptors b Delta receptors c Beta-1 receptors d Beta-2 receptors 7 Phenylephrine is mainly used for which indication? a Urinary retention b Hypertension treatment only c Nasal decongestion and mydriasis d Bronchodilation 8 A beta-2 agonist like albuterol primarily causes what effect? a Urinary retention b Bronchoconstriction c Bronchodilation d Decreased heart rate 9 Mirabegron acts on which receptor to treat overactive bladder? a Beta-3 receptors b Beta-2 receptors c Beta-1 receptors d Alpha-1 receptors 10 Alpha-blockers can cause orthostatic hypotension due to blockade of which receptors? a Dopamine receptors b Beta-1 receptors c Alpha-1 receptors d Alpha-2 receptors 11 Which receptor type do beta-2 agonists like albuterol primarily target for bronchodilation? a Nicotinic receptors b Muscarinic receptors c Beta-2 adrenergic receptors d Alpha-1 receptors 12 SLUDGE describes the effects of anticholinergic drugs. a True b False c Only for nicotinic effects d Not related to cholinergic 13 Direct-acting muscarinic agonists produce which primary effect? a Vasoconstriction b Smooth muscle contraction c Bronchodilation d Pupil dilation 14 Which drug is a nonselective beta-blocker that can worsen bronchoconstriction in asthma? a Esmolol b Atenolol c Metoprolol d Propranolol 15 Tamsulosin primarily helps which condition by alpha-1 blockade? a Asthma b Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms c Migraine d Hypertension without BPH 16 Epinephrine’s high-dose effect is dominated by which receptor action? a Nicotinic reversal b Alpha-1 mediated vasoconstriction c Muscarinic stimulation d Beta-2 bronchodilation 17 Which is a classic direct-acting anticholinergic used to treat motion sickness? a Pilocarpine b Bethanechol c Scopolamine d Donepezil 18 What is a common adverse effect of beta-blockers like metoprolol? a Tachycardia b Bronchodilation c Bradycardia d Hyperglycemia 19 Which agent is used as a reversal for local vasoconstrictive effects of epinephrine? a Atropine b Nifedipine c Probenecid d Phentolamine 20 Direct vs indirect muscarinic agonists differ how? a Direct binds receptors; indirect prevents ACh breakdown b Both are equally indirect c Direct and indirect both only affect nicotinic receptors d Indirect inhibits ACh release; direct blocks receptor Feedback 1 Alpha-1 and Alpha-2 are the primary alpha receptors; beta and opioid receptors are not. 2 Standard beta agonists target Beta-1 and Beta-2; Beta-3 is less common for classic beta agonists. 3 Beta-3 receptor activation by mirabegron relaxes the detrusor muscle. 4 Alpha-2 agonists decrease sympathetic outflow, potentially causing hypotension. 5 Beta-1 blockade lowers HR and contractility; beware nonselective beta blockade effects. 6 Beta-2 blockade in airways can lead to bronchospasm, especially in asthma/COPD. 7 Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 agonist for decongestant effects and pupil dilation. 8 Beta-2 activation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, improving airflow. 9 Mirabegron is a Beta-3 agonist that relaxes the detrusor muscle. 10 Blockade of vascular Alpha-1 receptors reduces vascular tone, causing orthostatic BP drop. 11 Beta-2 activation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation. 12 SLUDGE actually recalls effects of anticholinergic drugs being opposite (drying, reduced secretions). Anticholinergics inhibit ACh. 13 Direct muscarinic agonists stimulate parasympathetic activity leading to contraction of smooth muscle. 14 Nonselective beta-blockers block Beta-2 in lungs; use caution in asthma/COPD. 15 Tamsulosin relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck to ease urination. 16 At higher doses, alpha-1 vasoconstriction prevails, increasing diastolic pressure. 17 Scopolamine reduces GI motility and secretions; used for motion sickness. 18 Beta-blockers can slow heart rate and reduce cardiac output. 19 Phentolamine blocks alpha-adrenergic effects to reverse vasoconstriction. 20 Direct agonists activate receptors; indirect increase ACh by inhibiting breakdown.

1

Which receptor subtypes are targeted by alpha-1 and alpha-2 agonists?

a

Dopamine D1 receptors

b

Alpha-1 and Alpha-2 receptors

c

Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors

d

Mu opioid receptors

2

Beta agonists mainly activate which receptor subtypes?

a

Alpha-1 and Beta-3 receptors

b

Beta-1 and Beta-2 receptors

c

Dopamine receptors

d

Beta-3 and Alpha-2 receptors

3

Which receptor mediates detrusor relaxation for overactive bladder treatments?

a

Alpha-1 receptors

b

Beta-3 receptors

c

Beta-1 receptors

d

Delta opioid receptors

4

Clonidine is an alpha-2 agonist. What nursing consideration is essential?

a

Check for hyperglycemia

b

Assess for miosis

c

Monitor blood pressure for hypotension

d

Monitor for bronchospasm

5

Beta-1 selective blockers are primarily used to:

a

Relieve URIs

b

Increase peripheral resistance

c

Decrease heart rate and contractility

d

Cause bronchoconstriction

6

Nonselective beta blockers can cause bronchoconstriction due to blockade of which receptor?

a

Alpha-1 receptors

b

Delta receptors

c

Beta-1 receptors

d

Beta-2 receptors

7

Phenylephrine is mainly used for which indication?

a

Urinary retention

b

Hypertension treatment only

c

Nasal decongestion and mydriasis

d

Bronchodilation

8

A beta-2 agonist like albuterol primarily causes what effect?

a

Urinary retention

b

Bronchoconstriction

c

Bronchodilation

d

Decreased heart rate

9

Mirabegron acts on which receptor to treat overactive bladder?

a

Beta-3 receptors

b

Beta-2 receptors

c

Beta-1 receptors

d

Alpha-1 receptors

10

Alpha-blockers can cause orthostatic hypotension due to blockade of which receptors?

a

Dopamine receptors

b

Beta-1 receptors

c

Alpha-1 receptors

d

Alpha-2 receptors

11

Which receptor type do beta-2 agonists like albuterol primarily target for bronchodilation?

a

Nicotinic receptors

b

Muscarinic receptors

c

Beta-2 adrenergic receptors

d

Alpha-1 receptors

12

SLUDGE describes the effects of anticholinergic drugs.

a

True

b

False

c

Only for nicotinic effects

d

Not related to cholinergic

13

Direct-acting muscarinic agonists produce which primary effect?

a

Vasoconstriction

b

Smooth muscle contraction

c

Bronchodilation

d

Pupil dilation

14

Which drug is a nonselective beta-blocker that can worsen bronchoconstriction in asthma?

a

Esmolol

b

Atenolol

c

Metoprolol

d

Propranolol

15

Tamsulosin primarily helps which condition by alpha-1 blockade?

a

Asthma

b

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) symptoms

c

Migraine

d

Hypertension without BPH

16

Epinephrine’s high-dose effect is dominated by which receptor action?

a

Nicotinic reversal

b

Alpha-1 mediated vasoconstriction

c

Muscarinic stimulation

d

Beta-2 bronchodilation

17

Which is a classic direct-acting anticholinergic used to treat motion sickness?

a

Pilocarpine

b

Bethanechol

c

Scopolamine

d

Donepezil

18

What is a common adverse effect of beta-blockers like metoprolol?

a

Tachycardia

b

Bronchodilation

c

Bradycardia

d

Hyperglycemia

19

Which agent is used as a reversal for local vasoconstrictive effects of epinephrine?

a

Atropine

b

Nifedipine

c

Probenecid

d

Phentolamine

20

Direct vs indirect muscarinic agonists differ how?

a

Direct binds receptors; indirect prevents ACh breakdown

b

Both are equally indirect

c

Direct and indirect both only affect nicotinic receptors

d

Indirect inhibits ACh release; direct blocks receptor

Feedback

1

Alpha-1 and Alpha-2 are the primary alpha receptors; beta and opioid receptors are not.

2

Standard beta agonists target Beta-1 and Beta-2; Beta-3 is less common for classic beta agonists.

3

Beta-3 receptor activation by mirabegron relaxes the detrusor muscle.

4

Alpha-2 agonists decrease sympathetic outflow, potentially causing hypotension.

5

Beta-1 blockade lowers HR and contractility; beware nonselective beta blockade effects.

6

Beta-2 blockade in airways can lead to bronchospasm, especially in asthma/COPD.

7

Phenylephrine is an alpha-1 agonist for decongestant effects and pupil dilation.

8

Beta-2 activation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, improving airflow.

9

Mirabegron is a Beta-3 agonist that relaxes the detrusor muscle.

10

Blockade of vascular Alpha-1 receptors reduces vascular tone, causing orthostatic BP drop.

11

Beta-2 activation relaxes bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation.

12

SLUDGE actually recalls effects of anticholinergic drugs being opposite (drying, reduced secretions). Anticholinergics inhibit ACh.

13

Direct muscarinic agonists stimulate parasympathetic activity leading to contraction of smooth muscle.

14

Nonselective beta-blockers block Beta-2 in lungs; use caution in asthma/COPD.

15

Tamsulosin relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck to ease urination.

16

At higher doses, alpha-1 vasoconstriction prevails, increasing diastolic pressure.

17

Scopolamine reduces GI motility and secretions; used for motion sickness.

18

Beta-blockers can slow heart rate and reduce cardiac output.

19

Phentolamine blocks alpha-adrenergic effects to reverse vasoconstriction.

20

Direct agonists activate receptors; indirect increase ACh by inhibiting breakdown.

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Autonomic Meds MasteryVersión en línea

por Angela Valley

Which receptor subtypes are targeted by alpha-1 and alpha-2 agonists?

Beta agonists mainly activate which receptor subtypes?

Which receptor mediates detrusor relaxation for overactive bladder treatments?

Clonidine is an alpha-2 agonist. What nursing consideration is essential?

Beta-1 selective blockers are primarily used to:

Nonselective beta blockers can cause bronchoconstriction due to blockade of which receptor?

Phenylephrine is mainly used for which indication?

A beta-2 agonist like albuterol primarily causes what effect?

Mirabegron acts on which receptor to treat overactive bladder?

Alpha-blockers can cause orthostatic hypotension due to blockade of which receptors?

Which receptor type do beta-2 agonists like albuterol primarily target for bronchodilation?

SLUDGE describes the effects of anticholinergic drugs.

Direct-acting muscarinic agonists produce which primary effect?

Which drug is a nonselective beta-blocker that can worsen bronchoconstriction in asthma?

Tamsulosin primarily helps which condition by alpha-1 blockade?

Epinephrine’s high-dose effect is dominated by which receptor action?

Which is a classic direct-acting anticholinergic used to treat motion sickness?

What is a common adverse effect of beta-blockers like metoprolol?

Which agent is used as a reversal for local vasoconstrictive effects of epinephrine?

Direct vs indirect muscarinic agonists differ how?

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