Relacionar Columnas Modules 3, 4, & 5Versión en línea Key terms for the following modules por Andrea Navarro 1 Jet Stream 2 Biomes 3 Community 4 exponential growth curves (J-curves) 5 carrying capacity 6 Ecosystem 7 Density-Dependent 8 Species 9 Density-Independent 10 Population Size 11 invasive species 12 Population Density 13 Population 14 logistic growth curves (S-curves) total number in a specific area factors that influence the growth rate of a population but do not regulate population size (storms, floods) total number in relation to space non-native organisms that cause harm to an ecosystem modeling growth that starts exponentially, accelerates, and then decelerates as it approaches a maximum capacity (carrying capacity) are defined by climate (temperature and precipitation) and plant growth form factos whose effect increase with crowding (diseases, sickness) depict populations increasing by a constant percentage over time - a slow initial phase followed by a rapid, near-vertical explosion in numbers cold and warm air mixing an assemblage of different populations of different species living in the same space group of individuals of the same species that live in a particular region at a particular time populations whose members share characteristics - can freely breed and produce fertile offspring an assemblage of all living and non-living entities that interact in the same place at the same time size of a species that a specific environment can sustainably support over the long term without degrading the habitat 1 net primary production 2 photosynthesis 3 tertiary consumers 4 gross primary production 5 decomposers 6 autotrophs 7 respiration 8 detritivores 9 trophic web 10 primary consumers 11 trophic levels 12 secondary consumers convert light energy (sunlight), water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (chemical energy) and oxygen organisms that occupy the third trophic level in a food chain, feeding primarily on primary consumers total rate at which photosynthetic producers (plants, algae) capture and store solar energy top-level predators, often at the apex of the food chain, that primarily consume secondary consumers herbivores or omnivores that form the second trophic level by feeding directly on producers Production drops 5-20% after each level and 10% of energy is transferred from one level to another produce their own food energy remaining after producers use some for respiration breaking down glucose using oxygen to produce ATP energy for growth, repair, and maintenance, releasing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts organisms that ingest, digest, and physically break down dead material network of feeding relationships—who eats whom—within an ecosystem organisms that break down dead organisms and release the nutrients from the dead matter into the environment around them. 1 keystone species 2 secondary succession 3 induced defenses 4 interspecific competition 5 warning coloration 6 mimicry 7 crypsis 8 population dynamics 9 niche 10 competition 11 habitat 12 k-selection strategists 13 late-successional species 14 Parasitism 15 generalists 16 r-selection strategists 17 primary succession 18 mutualistic 19 intraspecific competition 20 constitutive defenses 21 competitive exclusion principle 22 resource partitioning 23 early-successional species 24 pioneer species 25 predation 26 specialists 27 coevolution different species competing for resources (not mates) thrive in varied, changing environments by utilizing diverse food sources and habitats based on reproduction strategies pre-existing, permanent physical or chemical traits that organisms, particularly plants, maintain at all times for protection phenotypic protective mechanisms in plants and animals that are activated upon detecting threats some species competing for resources (and mates) The impact is massive if removed from the environment - the ecosystem would break/fall down any use of defense of a resource by one individual that reduces the availability of that resource of other individuals long-lived, slow-growing organisms that dominate mature, stable ecosystems (climax communities) after soil has been enriched by earlier species "win-win" interaction between different species where both organisms benefit fast-growing, sun-loving "pioneer" organisms—such as grasses, weeds, shrubs, and pine trees ecosystem starts "from scratch" parasite lives on, in, or within another (host), and depends on it for existence palatable species (mimic) resemble unpalatable species (model) The process where similar species divide limited resources to reduce competition and coexist in the same environment camaflouge natural environment where an organism lives and finds essential resources two or more species cannot coexist indefinitely using the same limited resource vestiges of the original community present low biotic potential with high paternal investment (fewer offspring and years of investment) require narrow, specific conditions or diets, making them highly efficient in stable habitats but vulnerable to extinction if conditions shift animals use vivid colors to advertise toxicity, venom, or distastefulness to predators A predator feeds on other living organisms, typically a different species high biotic potential with minimal parental investments (lots of offspring and small/underdeveloped offspring) refers to the role of the organism in its habitat (profession) small species that kickstart an ecosystem (the first to arrive) (moss, etc.) the process where two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through natural selection, acting as mutual selective pressures 1 baseline extinction rates 2 biodiversity hotspots 3 Endangered Species Act of 1973 4 Conservation ecology 5 alien species 6 differential survival and reproduction 7 adaptation 8 extirpated 9 biological evolution 10 Reclamation 11 specialist species 12 conservation 13 Longitudinal gradient of biodiversity 14 evolution 15 mass extinctions 16 Rewilding 17 natural selection 18 habitat alteration 19 umbrella species 20 narrow niches 21 fitness 22 invasive species 23 intermediate disturbance hypothesis 24 Restoration ecology 25 Captive breeding 26 artificial selection Heritable, beneficial traits that improve an organism's fit to its environment. non-native plants, animals, or pathogens that spread rapidly and cause significant economic, environmental, or health harm differential survival/reproductive success based on conscious human decisions short geological period in which a high percentage of global biodiversity (approx. or more of species) vanishes species that has been eliminated or destroyed within a specific geographic area, region, or habitat, though it may still exist elsewhere in the world describes the trend of equatorial regions having the highest biodiversity, and polar regions having the lowest biodiversity allows conservation ecologists to spend time, effort, and funding on regions of particularly high biodiversity The "currency" of evolutionary success, defined as the ability of an organism to survive and produce offspring in a specific environment natural rate of species loss (0.1 to 1 species per million species a year - w/o human influence, only one species might go extinct every 1–4 years) change in inherited characteristics of a population from generation to generation species that survives only within a very limited range of environmental conditions, specific food sources, or restricted habitats attempts to maintain populations in captivity when extinct in the wild (Zoos) involves the reintroduction of species that have been extirpated from a region Animals, plants, or microorganisms introduced by human action into areas outside their natural range - need human intervention to survive Heritable genetic variation coupled with a changing environment leads to ... change in the gene pool of a population over time The process of change in populations over generations, driven by natural selection acting on these adaptations. organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring conservation strategy that focuses on a species with large habitat requirements (and thus protects other species) designed to prevent the extinction of fish, wildlife, and plants by protecting species and their critical habitats trying to keep the area intact essentially states that a little disruption is a good thing, diversity-wise. organisms adapted to thrive in narrow ecological niches, requiring specific habitats, limited diets, or precise environmental conditions to survive the practice of renewing and restoring land that has been degraded, damaged, or destroyed by human activities modification of natural environments—through agriculture, urbanization, logging, pollution—that disrupts ecosystem structure, function, biodiversity protect species, habitats and ecosystems from biodiversity loss process of restoring and rehabilitating land or ecosystems that have been disturbed or destroyed by industrial activity or resource extraction 1 IPAT model 2 positive feedback loop 3 stage 3 4 TFR = total fertility rate 5 density-dependent 6 density-independent 7 stage 2 8 age structure pyramids 9 Tragedy of the Commons 10 four stages of the demographic transition 11 replacement fertility 12 zero population growth 13 stage 1 14 doubling time 15 stage 4 population change over time, moving from high birth/death rates to low, stable rates due to development average number of children a woman must have to exactly replace herself and her partner, stabilizing a population over time without immigration (Impact = Population x Affluence (wealth) x Technology [x Sensitivity]) The amount of time a population takes to double in size - Exponential growth is neither sustainable nor self-regulating - TD = 70/r (70/2 = 35 years) High Stationary (High births/deaths, slow growth). the average number of children a woman would have if she lived through her childbearing years population remains stable, neither growing nor declining, because the number of births plus immigration equals deaths plus emigration individuals, acting in self-interest, will overexploit shared resources, leading to depletion limit population growth based on density, intensifying as populations increase, typically biotic affect populations regardless of density, often abiotic and causing sudden population crashes Late Expanding (Declining births, low deaths, slow growth) Low Stationary (Low births/deaths, stable/zero growth) divided by gender—males on the left, females on the right—in a population Early Expanding (High births, falling deaths, rapid growth) An increase in output leads to a further increase in output - rapid movement away from initial conditions - not always positive
Análisis de los sutantivos.
Empareja los nombres de las 7 maravillas del mundo moderno con su imagen al atardecer