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The cytoskeleton functions as the cell’s skeleton and provides an internal protein framework that gives the cytoplasm strength and stability. Among major functions of cytoskeleton are determining cell shape, organizing the contents of the cell and moving organelles.
Tight junctions prevent leakage between epithelial cells by forming a seal. Gap junctions communicate by forming small channels that allow ions and small molecules to pass between cells. Desmosomes provide strong mechanical attachment between cells. Hemidesmoses anchor epithelial cells to the basement membrane not to other cells
Bone tissue provides strong structural support and protects vital organs such as the skull protecting the brain. Areolar connective tissue functions in providing strength,elasticity and support. Adipose tissue serves as an energy reserve,insulation,supports and protects organs. Functions of blood include transporting respiratory gases , contributing to immune response and helping regulate body temperature,pH and fluid balance
Simple squamous epithelium best suited for diffusion and filtration because they consist of single layer of flat cells and this thin structure allow substances to pass through quickly and easily.
Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that ingested material,damaged organelles and foreign particles inside the cell so that the cell is clean and functional. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that are important in detoxification and metabolism, particularly the absorption and breakdown of fatty acids and other organic compounds. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis . Endoplasmic reticulum has four major functions which are synthesis protein,carbohydrate and lipids, storage,transport and detoxification.
Smooth muscle tissues can perform involuntary movement of internal organs because they consist of spindle-shaped cells(thickest in middle and tapering at both ends) which allow them to fit closely together in layers around organs and nonstriated fibers with one centrally located nucleus. Skeletal muscle tissues which are long,cylindrical, striated fibers with many peripherally located nuclei can perform voluntary movement,posture and heat production.Cardiac muscle tissues which are branched striated fibers with one or two centrally located nuclei and contains intercalated discs can pump blood to all parts of the body. The transmission of nerve impulses is carried out by neurons.
Nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical signals in the body due to the presence of neurons. Dendrites in the neurons function in receiving signals from other neurons or sensory receptors, the cell body in the neurons processes incoming signals , and the axon conducts impulses away from the body to other neurons,muscles or glands and axon terminals release neurotransmitters to pass the signal to the next cell
Epithelial tissue has cells that are highly packed together with little extracellular matrix while connective tissue has fewer cells and a large amount of extracellular matrix
The three principal parts are meant to describe the main structural regions of the cell. Every cell has 3 principle parts which are the plasma membrane (the flexible outer surface of the cell) , the cytoplasm that contains numerous organelles surrounded by cytosol and the nucleus that contains the cells chromosomes. A is the wrong answer because only the plant cell contains the cell wall. B is wrong answer because mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum are organelles. C is wrong answer because cytosol and organelles are components of cytoplasm
Membranous organelles are isolated from the cytosol by phospholipid membranes . Examples of membranous organelles are endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus,lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria and nucleus. Non membranous organelles are not completely enclosed by membranes and all of the components are in direct contact with the cytosol. Examples of non membranous organelles are cytoskeleton,microvilli,centrioles ,cilia,ribosomes and proteasomes.
3 major functions of microfilaments are anchoring the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the cell membrane, interacting with other proteins and determining the consistency of the cytoplasm and interacting with protein myosin to produce active movement and change the shape of the entire cell. A is wrong answer because enzymes in the nucleus like DNA polymerase are responsible for DNA replication. B is wrong answer because carrier proteins and channel proteins are responsible for transporting nutrients across the cell membrane. C is wrong answer because ribosomes are involved in protein synthesis
A is wrong answer because ion channels allow specific ions to move through water-filled pore. C is wrong answer because recognition proteins that recognize abnormal cells and normal cells. Dis wrong answer because receptor proteins that recognize specific ligand and alters cell’s function in some way.
A is wrong answer because simple cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cube-shaped cells. B is wrong answer because stratified in appearance refer to stratified squamous epithelium because they have several layers of cells. C is wrong answer because columnar in appearance refers to columnar epithelium and only found in places like the intestine for absorption while transitional epithelium is found in lines of the urinary bladder and portions of ureters and urethra
A is wrong answer because the nuclear envelope is a rigid structure that protects the nucleus. C is wrong answer because the cell wall is a membrane found only in plant cells. D is wrong answer because mitochondria is responsible for ATP production.
The fluid mosaic model describes membrane structure is a bilayer of phospholipids provides a structural foundation , a variety of membrane proteins interact with the lipids and all lipids and many proteins are able to move about freely.
A is wrong answer because the ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis. B is wrong answer because Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifies and packages secretions through exocytosis, renews or modifies the cell membrane and packages special enzymes within vesicles for use in the cytosol.
Free ribosomes make protein used in the cytosol . Attached (fixed) ribosomes make proteins used in membranes and for export and attached to endoplasmic reticulum.
A,B and C are wrong answers because they follow the concentration gradient and do not require energy.
The fluid mosaic model describes membrane structure is a bilayer of phospholipids provides a structural foundation, a variety of membrane proteins interact with the lipids and all lipids and many proteins are able to move about freely
C is the correct answer because hypertonic solution has a higher solute concentration than outside the red blood cells so water moves out of the red blood cells by osmosis. As water leaves the cells, the red blood cells shrink or undergo crenation. A is wrong because isotonic solution has the same solute concentration as outside the red blood cells so red blood cells remain normal. B is wrong answer because hypotonic solution has a lower solute concentration than outside the red blood cells so water enters the red blood cells by osmosis. As water enters the cells,the red blood cells swell and burst or undergo hemolysis. D is wrong answer because there is no correct term for tonicity.
Integral protein cannot be removed without damaging or destroying the membrane and also known as transmembrane protein because it span the width of the membrane one or more times. Peripheral protein bound to the inner or outer surface of the membrane and easily separated from it.
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