Relacionar Columnas World History Final study sheetVersión en línea World History Final study sheet por ETHAN ZINK 1 What purpose does creation myths have in early civilizations? 2 What is the Code of Hammurabi and its lasting impact on modern legal systems? 3 What impact does water have on a civilization? 4 What political system developed in Europe when the Roman Empire collapsed? How was it structured? 5 What are the 5 main world religions and their primary religious codes? 6 Where did democracy originate? 7 What were the original reasons for the First Crusades? 8 What contributed to the Roman Empire collapsing? 9 What do major world religions have in common? 10 How did Roman government impact the modern world? Feudalism developed in Europe after Rome's fall. It was structured as a hierarchy: king > lords > vassals/knights > serfs. Christianity (Bible), Islam (Qur'an), Hinduism (Vedas), Buddhism (Tripitaka), Judaism (Torah). They share belief in a higher power, moral codes, compassion, afterlife, and rituals for meaning. To aid Byzantium against Seljuk Turks and liberate Jerusalem/Holy Land from Muslim control. Shaped modern republics (e.g., US Senate, checks & balances) and civil law systems worldwide via codified principles. In ancient Athens, Greece, around the 5th century BCE. Barbarian invasions, economic decline, political instability, military weakening, and climate/disease factors. These explained the world's origins, defined humanity's place in the cosmos, reinforced cultural values, and provided social cohesion. One of the earliest written legal codes. It pioneered codified, public laws influencing rule of law and justice in modern systems. Enables agriculture, trade, sanitation, and settlement growth, shaping the rise and survival of civilizations. 1 What was the conflict about geocentric theory over and who were the major players? 2 What were the primary complaints of Protestants during the Reformation? 3 What are the Three Estates during the French Revolution? What was the inherent problem in the system? 4 What was the Reformation and its impacts on Europe? 5 What were the impacts of the Crusades? 6 Who was Martin Luther and what was his impact on history? 7 What were the primary ideas of the Age of Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution? 8 What are the similarities of the Reformation and the Renaissance? 9 What is The Declaration of the Rights of Man? 10 What were the impacts of the Black Plague on European society? Sale of indulgences, papal corruption, salvation by works over faith alone, and Scripture over church tradition. Enlightenment: reason, liberty, progress, tolerance. Scientific Revolution: empiricism, heliocentrism, experimentation. A 16th-century split from the Catholic Church led by Luther, sparking Protestantism. It caused religious wars, division, and modernized Europe. Proclaimed liberty, equality, and fraternity for citizens. Inherent problem: it excluded women and upheld slavery. Massive population loss; higher wages; weakened feudalism; social mobility; anti-Jewish pogroms; religious fervor. 1st Clergy, 2nd Nobility, 3rd Commoners. 3rd (98% pop) had no real power but paid most taxes. Both were humanistic movements reviving classical learning, challenging medieval authority, and sparking cultural change in Europe. (It clashed with heliocentrism (Sun-centered). Key figures: Ptolemy (supported geo), Copernicus/Galileo (pushed helio), Church opposed Galileo. A German monk whose 95 Theses sparked the Protestant Reformation, splitting Christianity. Millions died, Europe’s trade boomed, feudalism weakened, Church power grew, East-West divide deepened. 1 What advancements from China helped shape the world? 2 How and why did colonialism develop between Europe an Africa, Asia, and South America? 3 Who was John Locke and what were the basic ideas he encouraged about government? 4 What is the Columbian Exchange and what did it include? 5 What was the Magna Carta? 6 What is absolutism? 7 Why did Napoleon Bonaparte rise to power? 8 Who was Robespierre? What was the Committee for Public Safety? What was the Reign of terror? 9 What were the impacts of the Age of Exploration (Age of Discovery)? 10 What role did the slave trade (Triangle Trade) play in the Age of European expansion? Through military genius in the French Revolutionary Wars, exploiting post-Revolution chaos, and the 1799 coup that made him First Consul. An English philosopher. He argued for natural rights (life, liberty, property), government by consent, and the right to revolt against tyranny. Radical French Revolution leader. / Revolutionary executive body he dominated. / 1793-94 period of mass executions to protect the Republic. The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, and people between the Old World and New World after 1492. It included crops, livestock, and smallpox. Global trade boomed via Columbian Exchange; colonization & wealth for Europe; but diseases, slavery & native devastation. Papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass—revolutionized global knowledge, warfare, and exploration. By providing slave labor for American plantations, generating immense wealth from cash crops that funded colonialism and imperialism. Via 15th-century explorations for trade routes/spices, enabled by naval tech. A political system where a monarch holds unlimited, supreme power with no checks from laws or assemblies. A 1215 charter forced on King John by barons, limiting royal power and establishing rule of law principles. 1 What is the relationship between Industrialism and Imperialism? 2 What is Nationalism? 3 What is self-determination? 4 Impact of Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination? 5 Who is Karl Marx & Engels and what were their ideas? How did they impact Vladimir Lenin's thinking? 6 What were working conditions like in the Industrial Revolution? 7 What is capitalism and how does it work? 8 What were the positive and negative impacts of the Industrial Revolution? 9 Why did the Great War start? What were its major causes? 10 Why was it said "the sun never sets on the British Empire?" Workers endured 12-16 hour days, low pay, dangerous machinery, child labor, and unsanitary factories/mines with no rights. Due to alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism, and the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. An ideology prioritizing loyalty to one's nation, its culture, and interests above others. Authored Communist Manifesto; advocated class struggle, abolition of private property. Inspired Lenin's Bolshevik revolution & Marxism-Leninism. Because the British Empire's vast territories spanned the globe across many time zones, the sun was always shining on some part of it. Rapid tech progress, economic growth, urbanization. / Pollution, child labor, inequality. An economic system where private individuals own production means, driven by profit in free markets. Triggered the July Crisis, leading Austria-Hungary to declare war on Serbia and igniting World War I via alliance systems. The right and ability of individuals or groups to freely choose their own political status and destiny. Industrialism fueled imperialism by creating demand for raw materials, new markets for goods, and superior technology for conquest. 1 What was the lasting impact of the Treaty of Versailles? 2 What was the Soviet Union? 3 Why did Russia exit the Great War in 1917? Why did the Russian Revolution (Bolshevik Revolution) occur? 4 What is a totalitarian government? 5 What were the causes & impacts of the Great Depression? 6 How did the Great War (WWI) end? What were its impacts? 7 What does the quite "The War to End All Wars" imply? What was the reality of the statement? 8 Who was Vladimir Lenin? 9 How was the Great War fought? What is trench warfare and how did it operate? 10 Who was Joseph Stalin? Due to war exhaustion, defeats, and the February Revolution. / Economic collapse, food shortages, and Lenin's promise of peace, land, bread The dictator of the Soviet Union from 1924 to 1953, responsible for industrialization, WWII victory, and millions of deaths. That WWI would be the final war, ending all future conflicts through defeat of militarism. Reality: Ironic failure—led to WWII just 20 years later. With Germany's surrender. 16M dead, empires fell, Versailles Treaty, led to WWII. Seeks total control over all aspects of public and private life, using propaganda, surveillance, and repression. A Russian revolutionary, Bolshevik leader, and founder of the Soviet Union. It bred deep German resentment through harsh terms, reparations, and war guilt, fueling Hitler's rise and contributing to World War II. 1929 stock crash, bank failures, overproduction, Fed policies. / Mass unemployment (25%), poverty, deflation; led to New Deal, WWII rise. Via trench warfare, which is a static fighting from dug trenches with machine guns, artillery, and no-man's-land raids. A communist superpower from 1922 to 1991, spanning Eurasia with a one-party rule. 1 What is appeasement and how did it help start WW2? 2 What happened to Germany after WW2? 3 Who was Winston Churchill? 4 What was the Berlin Airlift and why did it happen? What did it say about the Cold War? 5 What was the impact of Hitler invading Russia in WW2? 6 Why did Germany take the Rhineland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia? 7 What was the Holocaust? What was a lasting impact of the Holocaust? 8 What was the Nuremburg Trials and what was its message to society? 9 What conflict started after WW2? 10 Why did the League of Nations fall? What were its problems and challenges? 11 Why did Japan invade Manchuria and what was its impact? Western Allies’ airlift supplied West Berlin after a Soviet blockade, showing early Cold War tensions and Western resolve without direct war. Yielding to aggressors to keep peace. UK's policy let Hitler expand, emboldening him to start WW2. Nazi Germany's systematic genocide of 6 million Jews (1933–1945). Establishment of Israel in 1948 and global human rights advancements. For resources and after staging the Mukden Incident as pretext. Made puppet Manchukuo, hurt League of Nations, led to full China war and WWII in Asia. Overextended German forces, led to massive losses, and became a turning point shifting momentum to the Allies Britain's Prime Minister during WWII, famed orator, and Nobel Prize-winning writer. The Cold War Due to weak enforcement, US absence, and aggressor nations ignoring it. Prosecuted Nazi leaders for war crimes and crimes against humanity. No one is above the law—"following orders" is no excuse. Was divided into East (Soviet) and West (Allied) zones; occupied until 1949, then split into two states. To defy Versailles, Austria and Sudetenland/Czechoslovakia to unite ethnic Germans, and gain resources for Lebensraum. 1 70.d - What role has terrorism played in the relationship between Palestinians and Israel? 2 What is a Superpower? 3 70.a - Why did the United Nations return Israel to the Jews? 4 70.c - How did the UN returning Israel to the Jews create problems? 5 70.b - What was the lasting impact of the United Nations returning Israel to the Jews? 6 What is NATO and what was in a reaction to? 7 What did the Superpowers (USA & USSR) do to control and influence other countries during the cold war? 8 What are the primary roadblocks to peace in the Middle East? (Especially between Arabs and Jews) 9 What did Soviet Union do to Eastern Europe after WW2? 10 What is MAD and its impact the Cold War? What role did nuclear weapons play in the Cold War? 11 Who was Gandhi and what was his role in the Independence of India from the British Empire? 12 What is a command economy and how does it work? 13 What was the Cold War? How long did it last? How was it fought? 14 What are some of the causes of terrorism? Disputes over land, refugees, Jerusalem, security, and mutual distrust, fueling ongoing conflict between Arabs and Israelis. A nuclear attack by one side would trigger retaliation destroying both. It deterred direct US-USSR war. 70 - The UN partitioned Palestine in 1947 to create a Jewish state post-Holocaust, amid Zionist claims & Arab opposition. Provided international legitimacy for Israel's establishment in 1948, sparking the Arab-Israeli conflict and decades of ongoing disputes. A military alliance of 32 countries for collective defense, formed in 1949 in response to Soviet expansionism after WWII Political grievances, ideological/religious extremism, economic inequality, and perceived oppression. A system where the government centrally plans and controls production, prices, and resource allocation. Led India’s nonviolent movement against British rule, using civil disobedience to help achieve independence in 1947. AUS-Soviet ideological rivalry (1947-1991). Lasted ~44 years. Fought via proxies, arms race, espionage—not direct war. A nation with dominant global influence via military, economic, and political power. Fought via proxy wars, arms race, and ideology, avoiding direct conflict. Occupied Eastern Europe, installed communist governments, and turned countries into satellite states behind the Iron Curtain. Fueled fear and retaliation, deepening mistrust as attacks by militant groups and harsh responses by Israel prolong the conflict. Angered Arabs, displaced Palestinians, and sparked wars with neighboring states, creating lasting territorial disputes and Middle East instability.
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