Presentación: Medication Essentials Set


Medication Essentials SetVersión en línea Match meds to uses and key points por Jennifer Patton 1 A. Beta Blockers Examples: metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol Use: HTN, angina, HF, tachyarrhythmias Key Points: ↓ HR and ↓ BP Hold if HR < 60 Can cause fatigue, dizziness Avoid in asthma (causes bronchospasm) Patient Teaching: Rise slowly; check pulse daily. 2 B. ACE Inhibitors Examples: lisinopril, enalapril Use: HTN, HF Key Points: First-dose hypotension Dry cough (most common) Angioedema (life-threatening) ↑ potassium Teaching: Report facial swelling or persistent cough. 3 C. Diuretics Loop: furosemide Thiazide: hydrochlorothiazide Potassium-sparing: spironolactone Key Points: Monitor K+ (↓ with furosemide, ↑ with spironolactone) Risk for dehydration Monitor daily weights Give in the morning 4 D. Nitrates Example: nitroglycerin Use: angina Key Points: Causes headache Risk: severe hypotension Take 1 tab every 5 min up to 3 → Call 911 if pain not relieved Keep in dark container 5 2. ANTIMICROBIALS – A A. Penicillins/Cephalosporins Examples: amoxicillin, ceftriaxone Key Points: Watch for allergies (rash → anaphylaxis) Take full course Can cause GI upset 6 2. ANTIMICROBIALS – B B. Vancomycin Use: MRSA, C. diff Key Points: Red man syndrome if infused too fast Monitor trough levels Risk for kidney injury Assess hearing (ototoxicity) 7 2. ANTIMICROBIALS – C C. Aminoglycosides Example: gentamicin Key Points: Nephrotoxicity Ototoxicity Monitor drug levels 8 3. RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS – A A. Bronchodilators Example: albuterol Use: Asthma, acute bronchospasm Key Points: Fast acting Causes tremors, tachycardia Teach proper inhaler use 9 3. RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS – B B. Corticosteroids (Inhaled) Examples: budesonide, fluticasone Key Points: Prevents inflammation Rinse mouth → prevents thrush Not for acute attacks 10 4. ENDOCRINE MEDICATIONS – A A. Insulin Rapid: lispro Short: regular Intermediate: NPH Long: glargine Key Points: Check blood sugar before administration Hypoglycemia → shaky, sweaty, confused Rotate sites Don’t mix long-acting (glargine) 11 4. ENDOCRINE MEDICATIONS – B B. Oral Diabetes Meds Metformin Use: Type 2 DM Key Points: Hold before contrast dye Can cause lactic acidosis GI upset common 12 5. GI MEDICATIONS – A A. Proton Pump Inhibitors Examples: omeprazole, pantoprazole Use: GERD, ulcers Key Points: Take before meals Long-term use → osteoporosis, C. diff risk 13 5. GI MEDICATIONS – B B. Antiemetics Ondansetron (Zofran) Key Points: Watch for QT prolongation Effective for chemo/N/V 14 5. GI MEDICATIONS – C C. Laxatives Examples: docusate, polyethylene glycol** Key Points: Encourage fluids Not for bowel obstruction 15 6. NEURO MEDICATIONS – A A. Anticonvulsants Examples: phenytoin, levetiracetam Phenytoin Key Points: Toxicity → nystagmus, unsteady gait Causes gingival hyperplasia No pregnancy Monitor levels 16 6. NEURO MEDICATIONS – B B. Pain Meds Opioids: morphine, hydromorphone Key Points: Respiratory depression Constipation Sedation Antidote: Naloxone 17 7. ANTICOAGULANTS – A A. Heparin Use: DVT, PE Key Points: Monitor aPTT Antidote: protamine sulfate 18 7. ANTICOAGULANTS – B B. Warfarin Use: Afib, long-term anticoagulation Key Points: Monitor INR (2–3) Avoid leafy greens changes Antidote: Vitamin K 19 8. RENAL MEDICATIONS A. Erythropoietin (epoetin alfa) Use: anemia in CKD Key Points: Monitor Hgb (risk for clots if too high) Must have adequate iron stores 20 9. ONCOLOGY SUPPORT MEDS A. Filgrastim (Neupogen) Use: ↓ WBC count during chemo Key Points: Bone pain Monitor CBC 21 9. ONCOLOGY SUPPORT MEDS – B B. Antiemetics for chemo Ondansetron, metoclopramide Prevents N/V Monitor EPS with metoclopramide 22 10. ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT Potassium Chloride Use: hypokalemia Key Points: NEVER IV push Infuse slowly Monitor cardiac rhythm 23 10. ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT – B Magnesium Use: low magnesium, eclampsia Key Points: Monitor reflexes Too much → respiratory depression

1

A. Beta Blockers

Examples: metoprolol, atenolol, propranolol

Use: HTN, angina, HF, tachyarrhythmias

Key Points:

↓ HR and ↓ BP
Hold if HR < 60
Can cause fatigue, dizziness
Avoid in asthma (causes bronchospasm)

Patient Teaching:

Rise slowly; check pulse daily.

2

B. ACE Inhibitors

Examples: lisinopril, enalapril

Use: HTN, HF

Key Points:

First-dose hypotension
Dry cough (most common)
Angioedema (life-threatening)
↑ potassium

Teaching: Report facial swelling or persistent cough.

3

C. Diuretics

Loop: furosemide

Thiazide: hydrochlorothiazide

Potassium-sparing: spironolactone

Key Points:

Monitor K+ (↓ with furosemide, ↑ with spironolactone)
Risk for dehydration
Monitor daily weights
Give in the morning

4

D. Nitrates

Example: nitroglycerin

Use: angina

Key Points:

Causes headache
Risk: severe hypotension
Take 1 tab every 5 min up to 3 → Call 911 if pain not relieved
Keep in dark container

5

2. ANTIMICROBIALS – A

A. Penicillins/Cephalosporins

Examples: amoxicillin, ceftriaxone

Key Points:

Watch for allergies (rash → anaphylaxis)
Take full course
Can cause GI upset

6

2. ANTIMICROBIALS – B

B. Vancomycin

Use: MRSA, C. diff

Key Points:

Red man syndrome if infused too fast
Monitor trough levels
Risk for kidney injury
Assess hearing (ototoxicity)

7

2. ANTIMICROBIALS – C

C. Aminoglycosides

Example: gentamicin

Key Points:

Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
Monitor drug levels

8

3. RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS – A

A. Bronchodilators

Example: albuterol

Use: Asthma, acute bronchospasm

Key Points:

Fast acting
Causes tremors, tachycardia
Teach proper inhaler use

9

3. RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS – B

B. Corticosteroids (Inhaled)

Examples: budesonide, fluticasone

Key Points:

Prevents inflammation
Rinse mouth → prevents thrush
Not for acute attacks

10

4. ENDOCRINE MEDICATIONS – A

A. Insulin

Rapid: lispro

Short: regular

Intermediate: NPH

Long: glargine

Key Points:

Check blood sugar before administration
Hypoglycemia → shaky, sweaty, confused
Rotate sites
Don’t mix long-acting (glargine)

11

4. ENDOCRINE MEDICATIONS – B

B. Oral Diabetes Meds

Metformin

Use: Type 2 DM

Key Points:

Hold before contrast dye
Can cause lactic acidosis
GI upset common

12

5. GI MEDICATIONS – A

A. Proton Pump Inhibitors

Examples: omeprazole, pantoprazole

Use: GERD, ulcers

Key Points:

Take before meals
Long-term use → osteoporosis, C. diff risk

13

5. GI MEDICATIONS – B

B. Antiemetics

Ondansetron (Zofran)

Key Points:

Watch for QT prolongation
Effective for chemo/N/V

14

5. GI MEDICATIONS – C

C. Laxatives

Examples: docusate, polyethylene glycol**

Key Points:

Encourage fluids
Not for bowel obstruction

15

6. NEURO MEDICATIONS – A

A. Anticonvulsants

Examples: phenytoin, levetiracetam

Phenytoin Key Points:

Toxicity → nystagmus, unsteady gait
Causes gingival hyperplasia
No pregnancy
Monitor levels

16

6. NEURO MEDICATIONS – B

B. Pain Meds

Opioids: morphine, hydromorphone

Key Points:

Respiratory depression
Constipation
Sedation
Antidote: Naloxone

17

7. ANTICOAGULANTS – A

A. Heparin

Use: DVT, PE

Key Points:

Monitor aPTT
Antidote: protamine sulfate

18

7. ANTICOAGULANTS – B

B. Warfarin

Use: Afib, long-term anticoagulation

Key Points:

Monitor INR (2–3)
Avoid leafy greens changes
Antidote: Vitamin K

19

8. RENAL MEDICATIONS

A. Erythropoietin (epoetin alfa)

Use: anemia in CKD

Key Points:

Monitor Hgb (risk for clots if too high)
Must have adequate iron stores

20

9. ONCOLOGY SUPPORT MEDS

A. Filgrastim (Neupogen)

Use: ↓ WBC count during chemo

Key Points:

Bone pain
Monitor CBC

21

9. ONCOLOGY SUPPORT MEDS – B

B. Antiemetics for chemo

Ondansetron, metoclopramide

Prevents N/V

Monitor EPS with metoclopramide

22

10. ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT

Potassium Chloride

Use: hypokalemia

Key Points:

NEVER IV push
Infuse slowly
Monitor cardiac rhythm

23

10. ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT – B

Magnesium

Use: low magnesium, eclampsia

Key Points:

Monitor reflexes
Too much → respiratory depression

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Medication Essentials Set

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Medication Essentials SetVersión en línea

por Jennifer Patton

A. Beta Blockers

B. ACE Inhibitors

C. Diuretics

D. Nitrates

2. ANTIMICROBIALS – A

2. ANTIMICROBIALS – B

2. ANTIMICROBIALS – C

3. RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS – A

3. RESPIRATORY MEDICATIONS – B

4. ENDOCRINE MEDICATIONS – A

4. ENDOCRINE MEDICATIONS – B

5. GI MEDICATIONS – A

5. GI MEDICATIONS – B

5. GI MEDICATIONS – C

6. NEURO MEDICATIONS – A

6. NEURO MEDICATIONS – B

7. ANTICOAGULANTS – A

7. ANTICOAGULANTS – B

8. RENAL MEDICATIONS

9. ONCOLOGY SUPPORT MEDS

9. ONCOLOGY SUPPORT MEDS – B

10. ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT

10. ELECTROLYTE REPLACEMENT – B

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