Cell Injury Quiz

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MCQs on cellular injury mechanisms

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Cell Injury Quiz


Cell Injury QuizVersión en línea MCQs on cellular injury mechanisms por Kazoomi Patel 1 Which is a common cause of cellular injury due to hypoxia? a Hyperplasia b ATP depletion c Increased DNA replication d Enhanced protein synthesis 2 What is a characteristic feature of reversible cell injury? a Membrane rupture b Nuclear fragmentation c Cell swelling d Lysosome rupture 3 Which mechanism is associated with cell injury from free radicals? a DNA methylation b Lipid peroxidation c Mitochondrial fusion d Protein phosphorylation 4 Coagulative necrosis is most commonly seen in which tissue? a Lungs only b Spinal cord c Brain d Kidney (except the brain) 5 Deficiency of which ion can predispose to cell injury? a Sodium b Potassium c Calcium d Chloride 6 Which process describes programmed cell death? a Mitophagy b Necrosis c Autolysis d Apoptosis 7 Liquefactive necrosis is typical in which tissue type after injury? a Bone b Cartilage c Skeletal muscle d Brain 8 Which gene promotes apoptosis? a Bcl-2 b Bax c Akt d Bcl-xL 9 Which gene is anti-apoptotic and often overexpressed in cancer cells to prevent cell death? a Bcl-2 b Bax c Bak d Bad 10 What commonly triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway? a Cytokine signaling b Growth factor stimulation c Antigen presentation d DNA damage 11 Which group of enzymes are primarily responsible for the execution phase of apoptosis? a Kinases b Caspases c Cyclins d Lipases 12 Which gene is anti-apoptotic and often overexpressed in cancer cells to prevent programmed cell death? a Bcl-2 b Bak c Bad d Bax 13 Telomeres protect chromosome ends and shorten with each division; which cells maintain telomerase activity? a Skeletal muscle cells b Cardiac myocytes c Germ cells and stem cells d Differentiated neurons 14 Which calcification occurs in non-viable or dead tissues despite normal serum calcium? a Physiological calcification b Metastatic calcification c Dystrophic calcification d Hemosiderin deposition 15 What is the most common liver-facing change in chronic alcohol abuse? a Fibrosis b Hyperplasia c Fatty change (steatosis) d Hydropic change 16 Which type of necrosis is typically seen in the heart muscle after ischemia, showing preserved architecture early on? a Coagulative necrosis b Caseous necrosis c Liquefactive necrosis d Fat necrosis 17 Barrett’s esophagus is an example of which adaptive process due to chronic reflux? a Metaplasia b Atrophy c Dysplasia d Hyperplasia 18 Which pigment is the classic wear-and-tear pigment that accumulates with age in long-lived cells? a Lipofuscin b Hemosiderin c Melanin d Carbon 19 On electron microscopy, one of the earliest signs of irreversible cell injury is: a Swelling of rough endoplasmic reticulum b Ribosomes detaching from rough endoplasmic reticulum c Myelin figures in cytoplasm d Amorphous flocculent densities in mitochondria 20 Gas gangrene is caused by infection with which organism? a Clostridium tetani b Staphylococcus aureus c Pseudomonas aeruginosa d Clostridium perfringens 21 Wet gangrene differs from dry gangrene by: a Absence of infection b Lack of tissue necrosis c Presence of superimposed bacterial infection d Formation of fibrinoid deposits 22 Which is an example of compensatory hyperplasia? a Uterine enlargement during pregnancy b Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy c Skeletal muscle growth after exercise d Endometrial growth during pregnancy 23 Mechanism of atrophy mainly involves: a Increased protein synthesis b Decreased autophagy c Ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of proteins d Increased mitochondrial activity 24 A 65-year-old woman with long-standing diabetes presents with a black, dry, shriveled toe. There is no pus or foul smell. What is the underlying pathological process? a Wet gangrene b Caseous necrosis c Dry gangrene (coagulative necrosis) d Fibrinoid necrosis 25 Fibrinoid necrosis is most commonly seen in which of the following conditions? a Tuberculosis b Viral hepatitis c Immune-mediated vasculitis d Acute pancreatitis 26 Which of the following is a morphological hallmark of apoptosis detectable under a microscope? a Cellular swelling b Nuclear fragmentation c Inflammatory cell infiltration d Plasma membrane rupture 27 Free radicals can cause cell injury mainly by: a Increasing ATP synthesis b Lipid peroxidation of membranes c Protein synthesis enhancement d Decreasing enzyme degradation 28 All of the following are features of reversible cell injury, EXCEPT: a Cellular (hydropic) swelling b Fatty change in liver c Clumping of nuclear chromatin d Rupture of plasma membrane 29 Accumulation of iron within tissues due to local hemorrhage or systemic overload produces which pigment? a Melanin b Bilirubin c Hemosiderin d Lipofuscin 30 Metastatic calcification occurs due to: a Local tissue necrosis b Hypercalcemia in normal tissues c Inflammation d Trauma

Cell Injury Quiz

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Cell Injury QuizVersión en línea

por Kazoomi Patel

Which is a common cause of cellular injury due to hypoxia?

What is a characteristic feature of reversible cell injury?

Which mechanism is associated with cell injury from free radicals?

Coagulative necrosis is most commonly seen in which tissue?

Deficiency of which ion can predispose to cell injury?

Which process describes programmed cell death?

Liquefactive necrosis is typical in which tissue type after injury?

Which gene promotes apoptosis?

Which gene is anti-apoptotic and often overexpressed in cancer cells to prevent cell death?

What commonly triggers the intrinsic apoptotic pathway?

Which group of enzymes are primarily responsible for the execution phase of apoptosis?

Which gene is anti-apoptotic and often overexpressed in cancer cells to prevent programmed cell death?

Telomeres protect chromosome ends and shorten with each division; which cells maintain telomerase activity?

Which calcification occurs in non-viable or dead tissues despite normal serum calcium?

What is the most common liver-facing change in chronic alcohol abuse?

Which type of necrosis is typically seen in the heart muscle after ischemia, showing preserved architecture early on?

Barrett’s esophagus is an example of which adaptive process due to chronic reflux?

Which pigment is the classic wear-and-tear pigment that accumulates with age in long-lived cells?

On electron microscopy, one of the earliest signs of irreversible cell injury is:

Gas gangrene is caused by infection with which organism?

Wet gangrene differs from dry gangrene by:

Which is an example of compensatory hyperplasia?

Mechanism of atrophy mainly involves:

A 65-year-old woman with long-standing diabetes presents with a black, dry, shriveled toe. There is no pus or foul smell. What is the underlying pathological process?

Fibrinoid necrosis is most commonly seen in which of the following conditions?

Which of the following is a morphological hallmark of apoptosis detectable under a microscope?

Free radicals can cause cell injury mainly by:

All of the following are features of reversible cell injury, EXCEPT:

Accumulation of iron within tissues due to local hemorrhage or systemic overload produces which pigment?

Metastatic calcification occurs due to: