Relacionar Columnas Chapter 15: The Special Senses--matching gameVersión en línea Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology, thirteenth edition--selected definitions por Alexander Jones 1 Olfactory neurons 2 Olfactory vesicles 3 Olfactory hairs 4 Odorants 5 Olfaction 6 Olfactory epithelium 7 Olfactory region Airborne molecules that enter the nasal cavity & are dissolved in fluid covering the olfactory epithelium--some bind to receptor molecules Sense of smell Dendrite ends of olfactory neurons that extend to the epithelial surface of the nasal cavity--are modified into bulbous enlargements Epithelium of the olfactory recess containing olfactory receptors Extreme superior region of the nasal cavity Cilia on olfactory vesicles; lie in a thin film mucous film on the epithelial surface Olfactory receptor cells; approximately 10 million--the olfactory epithelium contains these cell bodies and dendrites 1 Taste buds 2 Papillae 3 Taste hair 4 Filiform papillae 5 Sweet 6 Gustation 7 Sour 8 Supporting cells 9 Umami 10 Foliate papillae 11 Salt 12 Basal cells 13 Tastants 14 Fungiform papillae 15 Gustatory receptor cells 16 Bitter 17 Taste pore 18 Vallate papillae Mushroom shaped, scattered all over the tongue with about 5 taste buds in each--small red dots interspersed among the filiform Filament shaped, the most numerous papillae; no taste buds--located all over the tongue Taste resulting from amino acids, ex: glutamate, bind to receptors on taste hairs of taste cells and cause depolarization through G protein mechanism Taste that results when Na+ diffuses through Na+ channels of taste hairs or other cell surfaces of taste cells 'taste cells'; each taste bud has about 50 of these--sensory cells Bumps on the tongue Taste that results when H+ of acids cause depolarization of taste cells Taste resulting from tastants that bind to G protein-coupled receptor molecules on taste hairs of taste cells & cause depolarization Undergo mitosis to replace supporting cells every 10 days About 12 total, form a "V" shape in the back of the tongue; each has 100-300 taste buds A tiny opening in the epithelium; taste hairs extend from these Sense of taste Substances that dissolve in saliva, enter taste pores and, by various mechanisms, stimulate the taste cells The microvilli of taste cells Located in the lateral trenches of the tongue; most of these taste buds degenerate in early childhood Develop into receptor cells Taste resulting in a similar fashion as 'Sweet' through G protein mechanisms Sensory structures that detect taste (gustation) stimuli 1 Palpebral fissures 2 Eyelashes 3 Bulbar conjunctiva 4 Lacrimal apparatus 5 Vascular tunic 6 Palpebrae conjunctiva 7 Conjunctiva 8 Fibrous tunic 9 Lacrimal gland 10 Eyelids 11 Nervous tunic 12 Eyebrows Thin, transparent mucous membrane associated with the eyelids and exposed areas of the eye Space between the two eyelids Innervated by parasympathetic fibers from CN VII; produces tears, which leave through lacrimal ducts and pass over the anterior surface of the eyeball Consists of a lacrimal gland situated in the superolateral corner of the orbit & a nasolacrimal duct beginning in the inferomedial corner of the orbit Middle layer of the eyeball; consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris Outer layer of the eyeball; consists of sclera and cornea "Palpebrae"; protect the eyes from foreign objects--work along with eyelashes Covers the inner surface of the eyelid Covers the anterior white surface of the eye Collection of hairs superior to the orbits; major function is to prevent perspiration from running down the forehead Attached to a double or triple row of hairs on the free edges of eyelids; protect the eyes Inner layer of the eyeball; consists of the retina 1 Fovea centralis 2 Optic disk 3 Ciliary body 4 Sclera 5 Pupil 6 Iris 7 Choroid 8 Cornea 9 Dilator pupillae 10 Neural layer 11 Pigmented layer 12 Blind spot 13 Sphinchter pupillae 14 Retina 15 Macula 16 Lens Opening in the iris that allows light to enter the eye Radial group of smooth muscle in the iris; when contracted the size of the pupil increases or dilates Unusual biological structure; transparent & convex--greatest convexity is on posterior side; suspended between posterior chamber & vitreous chamber Continousl with the sclera; an avascular, transparent structure that permits light to enter the eye--light bends or refracts as it passes through Continuous with the choroid; the iris is attached at its lateral margins Outer layer of the retina White, outer layer of the posterior 5/6ths of the eyeball--firm opaque tissue layer that consists of dense collagenous CT w/ elastic fibers Another name for the optic disk due to its lack of photoreceptors--does not respond to light. Pit in the center of the macula; region of the retina where light is most focused Nervous tunic of the eyeball that is composed of pigmented simple cuboidal epithelium--has an outer pigmented layer and an inner neural layer Inner layer of the retina; responds to light--contains numerous photoreceptor cells: 120 million rods, 6-7 million cones, & numerous relay neurons Small, yellow spot, near the center of the posterior retina White spot just medial to the macula through which the central retinal artery enters and the central reticular vein exits the eyeball Portion of the vascular tunic associated with the sclera of the eye--means "membrane" and suggests that this layer is relatively thin Specialized portion of the vascular tunic; the "colored' portion of the eye that can be seen through the cornea Circular group of smooth muscle in the iris; when contracted the size of the pupil decreases or constricts--innervated by CN III 1 Posterior chamber 2 Aqueous humor 3 Anterior chamber 4 Vitreous chamber 5 Vitreous humor Smaller area between the iris and the lens Jellylike substance that fills the vitreous chamber; not produced rapidly like aqueous humor, extremely slow turnover--maintains pressure & shape Area between the cornea and the iris Liquid that fills the anterior & posterior chamber; helps maintain intraocular pressure--the pressure keeps the eyeball inflated & maintains shape Much larger than the anterior & posterior chambers; almost completely surrounded by the retina & is filled with vitreous humor 1 Focusing 2 Light adaptation 3 Near point of vision 4 Rods 5 Refraction 6 Convergence 7 Visible light 8 Dark adaptation 9 Far point of vision 10 Rhodopsin 11 Focal point 12 Accomodation 13 Iodopsin 14 Cones Purple pigment that consists of the protein 'opsin', covalently bonded to a yellow photosensitive pigment called 'retinal' Portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that can be detected by the human eye; includes wavelengths between 380 & 750 nm--"visible spectrum" Visual pigment found in cone cells; consists of retinal combined with a photopigment opsin protein--three major types; blue, red, & green Causing light to converge Medial rotation of the eyes; accomplished by a reflex that stimulates the medial rectus of each eye to contact Point at which the lens does not have to thicken for focusing to occur; normally 20 feet Adjustment to light Process of changing lens shape Bipolar photoreceptor cells with a conical, light-sensitive part that tapers slightly from base to apex--provides color vision & visual acuity Point at which light rays cross Point at which the eye can no longer focus an object; where blurring occurs--normally 2-3 inches for a child, 4-6 inches for an adult Bipolar photoreceptor cells involved in noncolor vision; responsible for vision under conditions of reduced light Bending of light Adjustment to darkness 1 Hair cells 2 Auditory tube 3 Membranous labyrinth 4 Scala tympani 5 Tympanic membrane 6 Inner ear 7 Annular ligament 8 Endolymph 9 Malleus 10 Perilymph 11 External ear 12 Scala vestibuli 13 Spiral organ 14 Vestibule 15 Middle ear 16 Bony labyrinth 17 Cochlea 18 Stapes 19 Oval window 20 Incus Ossicle; stirrup shaped Comprising the utricle and saccule; aids in balance--specifically position of the head relative to gravity Tunnels and chambers inside the temporal bone--vestibule & semicircular canals (balance) & cochlea (hearing) Located inside the bony labyrinth; smaller set of membranous tunnels and chambers Na+ fluid that fills the scala vestibuli and scala tympani Holds the foot plate of the stapes into the oval window 'organ of corti'; where sensory cells of hearing are found--contains supporting epithelial cells and specialized sensory cells called hair cells Extends from the oval window to the helicotrema--found in the cochlea Auditory ossicles transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to this structure Extends from the helicotrema, back from the apex, parallel to the scala vestibuli, to the membrane of the round window--found in the cochlea Houses sensory organs for both hearing & balance--consists of interconnecting, fluid-filled tunnels & chambers inside petrous port. of temporal bone Eustachian tube; opens into the pharynx and equalizes air pressure between the outside air and the middle ear cavity Ossicle; hammer shaped Ear drum; terminates the outer ear; sends vibrations to the auditory ossicles Shell shaped structure; part of the inner ear--scala vestibuli, helicotrema, & scala tympani The auricle/pinna & external acoustic meatus--terminates at the tympanic membrane; lined with ceruminous glands that produce cerumen K+ fluid that fills the cochlear duct Air-filled space within the petrous portion of the temporal bone that contains the auditory ossicles--malleus, incus, stapes; + oval & round window Ossicle; anvil shaped Specialized sensory cells; have hairlike projections at their apical ends--for hearing; located in the spiral organ 1 Static labyrinth 2 Ampulla 3 Dynamic labyrinth 4 Semicircular canals Associated with the semicircular canals; involved with evaluating movements of the head 3 of these make up the dynamic labyrinth; one lying nearly transverse, one at a right angle, and one in the coronal plane (x, y, & z axes) The expanded base of each semicircular canal Consists of the utricle and the saccule (of the vestibule)--primarily involved in evaluating the position of the head relative to gravity
Análisis de los sutantivos.
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