Relacionar Columnas Chapter 14: Integration of Nervous System Functions --Matching GameVersión en línea Selected definitions. Seeley's Anatomy and Physiology, 13th edition por Alexander Jones 1 Proprioception 2 Perception 3 Visceral senses 4 Special senses 5 General senses 6 Somatic senses 7 Sensation Receptors that are located in specific organs--smell, taste, vision, hearing, & *balance* Sense of body position & movement Conscious awareness of sensations; the brain interprets sensation-generated AP's--occurs in the cerebral cortex Information about skin, muscles, & joints--touch, temperature, pressure, pain, & proprioception Receptors are all over the body, generates action potentials called generator potentials which travel towards the brain--2 groups; somatic & visceral Information about interal organs (visera)--pressure & pain Occurs when stimuli activate sensory receptors which generate AP's sent along sensory nerves to the spinal cord & brain--occurs in PNS 1 Chemoreceptor 2 Thermoreceptor 3 Nociceptor 4 Cuteaneous receptor 5 Photoreceptor 6 Mechanoreceptor 7 Visceroreceptor 8 Proprioceptor Pain; extreme mechanical, chemical or thermal stimuli Changes in temperature Compression, bending, stretching of cells--touch, pressure, proprioception, hearing, & balance Chemicals (taste & smell) Associated with joints, tendons, & other CT; provide information about body position, movement, and the extent of stretch or force/muscle contractions Associated with the viscera or organs, provide information about the internal environment Associated with the skin; provide information about the external environment Light energy (vision) 1 Secondary receptors 2 Pain 3 Tonic receptors 4 Primary receptors 5 Chronic pain 6 Receptor potential 7 Adaptation 8 Referred pain 9 Phasic receptors Causes release of neurotransmitters that bind to receptors on a neuron causing a receptor potential--senses like taste, hearing, & balance Long lasting pain Sensation characterized by a group of unpleasant & complex perceptual & emotional experiences that trigger autonomic, psych., and som. motor responses Rate of adaption where sensor adapts rapidly--ex: Pacinian & Meissner corpuscles Decreased sensitivity to a stimulus Graded potential that is produced once a sensory receptor has been stimulated Sensory receptor cells that conduct action potentials in response to receptor potential. Painful sensation in a region of the body that is not the source of the pain stimulus Rate of adaption where sensor adapts very slowly--ex: Merkel disks & Ruffini end organs 1 Meissner corpuscle 2 Wernicke area 3 Descending pathway 4 Arcuate faciculus 5 Ascending pathway 6 Muscle spindles 7 Hair follicle receptors 8 Ruffini end organ 9 Broca area 10 Golgi tendon organs 11 Merkel disk 12 Pacinian corpuscle Sensory speech area; allows person to create meaningful speech Detects light touch and superficial pressure Motor speech area; allows muscles to say words that can be understood Sensory tract in spinal cord's white matter Specialized muscle fibers that detect stretch Proprioceptive receptors associated with the fibers of a tendon near the junction between the muscle and the tendon Detects light touch and slight bending of the hair Detects 2 point discrimination (& helps evaluate texture) Bundle of neurons that connect the Wernicke & Broca areas Motor tract in spinal cord's white matter Detects continuous touch or pressure Detects vibration (and deep cutaneous pressure) 1 Involuntary movement 2 Comparator 3 Primary somatosensory cortex 4 Cerebellum 5 Vestibulocerebellum 6 Voluntary movement 7 Direct pathways 8 Upper motor neurons 9 Indirect pathways 10 Primary sensory areas 11 Lower motor neurons 12 Cerebrocerebellum 13 Spinocerebellum Involved in maintaining muscle tone and controlling speed & precision of skilled movements--conscious movement; a division of descending motor fibers Consists of the lateral 2/3 of the lateral hemispheres--communicates w/ the motor, premotor, & prefrontal portions of the cerebral cortex for planning Connect upper motor neurons to skeletal muscles--voluntary movements depend on these General sensory area; receives general sensory input, such as pain, pressure and temperature from the thalamus Flocculondular lobe; receives direct input from vestibular structures--helps maintain muscle tone in postural muscles Consists of 3 functional parts; the vestibulocerebellum, spinocerebellum, & cerebrocerebellum Occur without conscious thought--reflexes mediated through the spinal cord and the brain stem responsible for body movements Connect the cerebral cortex to lower motor neurons directly or through interneurons--voluntary movement depends on these Consists of the vermis & medial portion of the lateral hemisphere; helps accomplish fine motor coordination of simple movements by comparator function Consciously activated to achieve a specific goal--reflexes mediated through the spinal cord and the brain stem responsible for body movements Specific regions of the cerebral cortex that sensory pathways project to Sensing device that compares the data from two sources Involved in less precise control of motor functions such as posture--unconscious movement; a division of descending motor fibers 1 Working memory 2 Amygdala 3 Theta waves 4 Long-term memory 5 Delta waves 6 Beta waves 7 Consolidation 8 Alpha waves 9 Procedural memory 10 Reticular activating system (RAS) 11 Rapid eye movement (REM) 12 Reticular formation 13 Declarative memory 14 Short-term memory 15 Long-term potentiation 16 Hippocampus Implicit or reflexive memory; involves the development of skills or procedures--ex: riding a bike Requires the prior formation of short-term memory; a more stable storage state that lasts from days to years or a lifetime A rapid transition from beta rhythm to alpha rhythm; when dreaming occurs Higher frequency than alpha waves; occur during intense mental activity Explicit memories; involves the retention of facts that you can easily state or declare Process of transferring short-term to long-term memory Facilitation or potentiation of the future transmission of action potentials Regulates the sleep-wake cycle; collateral branches of trigeminothalamic tract neurons project to the RAS stimulating wakefulness & consciousness Group of nuclei scattered throughout the brainstem that is involved in regulating cyclical motor functions Person is awake but in a quiet, resting state w/ eyes closed Part of the temporal lobe; required to store factual content such as a person's name Usually occur in children, can also occur in adults who are experiencing frustration or who have certain brain disorders Lasts longer than working memory and can be stored from minutes to days Task-associated memory; occurs when the brain briefly stores information required for immediate performance of a task Occur in infants, in patients w/ severe brain disorders, & people who are in deep sleep Part of the temporal lobe; contributes emotional overtones to memory, such as feelings of dislike associated with a person
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