Intro to epidemiological study designs

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Study designs l8

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Yasmin Esmaeili

Kuwait

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Intro to epidemiological study designs


Intro to epidemiological study designsVersión en línea Study designs l8 por Yasmin Esmaeili 1 Choose the correct 2 a Observational studies: Observe exposure b Observation studies: Assign exposure c Experimental studies: Assign exposure d Experimental studies: Observe exposure 2 What are some key point about study designs (choose all) Choose one or more answers a Usually there is one study design that can best answer the specific question b Study design is used to answer a specific clinical or epidemiological question c A research question can’t be answered with more than one study design d A research question may be answered with more than one study design e Most research questions are at least 2-dimensional f Usually there is more than one study design that can best answer the specific question 3 Research questions for cross-sectional studies are to (choose 2) Choose one or more answers a evaluate the prevalence and distributions of diseases b assess the prevalence and distributions of diseases c assess the risk factors for common diseases d evaluate the risk factors for common diseases 4 Design features of a cross-sectional study (choose all) Choose one or more answers a Define the populations using a variable b Determine exposure first then explore the disease status of each selected individual c Take a sample from the population without knowing the exposure and disease status of each of the selected individuals d Simultaneously determine the exposure and disease status of each selected individual 5 Cross-sectional study strengths are (choose all) Choose one or more answers a Useful for frequent diseases with long duration b Useful to generate new etiologic hypotheses c Estimates disease frequency in population d Cost-effective (time and expenses e Estimates distribution f Useful fro frequent diseases with short duration 6 Limitations of cross-sectional study are (choose all0 Choose one or more answers a Cannot estimate prevalence b cannot estimate cumulative incidence/incidence rate of a disease c Cannot establish hypotheses d Etiologic hypotheses (cause-and effect) can’t be tested in terms of temporal relationship except for those exposure that are fixed at birth 7 Case-control study design is used for a Study of risk factors for frequent (common) diseases b Study of risk factors for infrequent (rare) diseases 8 Case-control study design includes (choose all) Choose one or more answers a Determine past exposure to risk factors in cases and controls by the same methods b Start with outcome (diseased and non-diseased) and assess exposure in the past c Start with past exposure to risk factors in cases and controls d Select cases (people with disease) then select control (people without disease) 9 Case-control Strengths are (choose all) Choose one or more answers a Useful design for study of common disease b Relatively quick and inexpensive c Useful for study of diseases having complex aetiologies d Efficient (small sample size) e Multiple risk factors can be examined for a given disease f Useful design for study of rare disease 10 Case-control study weakness (choose all) Choose one or more answers a Difficult to establish temporal cause-effect relationship b Difficult to establish conditional relationship c Methodological weakness relating to representations of case and control groups (poor generalizability) d Cannot calculate cumulative incidence or incidence rate of disease (bc we started with outcome) e Cannot calculate prevalence f Recall bias 11 Cohort study design is best for (choose 2) Choose one or more answers a Determine risk factors for more common diseases b Determine risk factors for rare diseases c Assessing cumulative incidence (risk) or incidence rate of a disease d Assessing prevalence of a disease 12 Design features of Cohort study design Choose one or more answers a Check for development of disease before follow-up b Follow both cohorts over time c select an exposed group of disease-free participants d select an unexposed group of disease-free participants e check both cohorts at beginning and leave them over time f Examine each member of both cohorts for the development of disease during follow-up 13 Cohort study design strengths (choose all) Choose one or more answers a Useful when exposure is rare and shows multiple effects of a single exposure b Minimum bias in the ascertainment of exposure c Direct assessment of diseases having incidence d Problems of controls is absent e Temporal relationship between exposure and disease f Problem of controls is present 14 Cohort study design weakness are (choose all) Choose one or more answers a Large sample size, long duration, expansive b study of multiple exposures may not be possible c Problem of non-response, drop-outs d Inefficient for evaluation of rare disease and ethical issues may aris e Ethical issues wont arise f small sample size, long duration, very expansive 15 Purpose of an experimental study is to a Evaluate the cause of an intervention on a specified outcome b Evaluate the effect of an intervention(new drug, vaccine) on a specified outcome 16 The key to an experimental study is that investigators assign the ____ of interest a Outcome b Exposure c Design 17 Clinical trial (randomized controlled trial) is an experimental study to evaluate new ______ or ______ intervention a preventive, therapeutic b preventive, aggressive c causes, therapeutic d causes, aggressive 18 Field trial includes (choose all) Choose one or more answers a less than often pertaining to preventive measure b Take place in the general population c Take place in general sample d Often pertain to preventive measures in healthy individuals 19 Community trial is in which interventions are aimed at some communities and not others a True b False 20 Controlled means that both intervention group and comparison group receive intervention a True b False 21 RCT (random controlled trial) design features includes (choose all) Choose one or more answers a To treat/cure disease: enroll people who have the disease b Randomized the treatment group or control group to the participants c Follow both treatment and control groups over time and assess if the disease is cured d Define and identify the participants eligible for the intervention e Leave both groups on their own and don’t assess if the disease is cured f To prevent disease: enroll people who are disease-free 22 advantages of randomization (choose 2) Choose one or more answers a It minimize the confounding (interference of other factors) b tends to create equal groups, so that only main difference between them is new or old drug c It minimize bias in exposure allocation d It exaggerates bias and increases confounding factors 23 Randomized controlled trial strengths Choose one or more answers a Cause and effect because of direct temporal relationship b Cause and effect because of indirect temporal relationship c Best study design to evaluate therapeutic interventions without bias or confounding d Best study design to evaluate aggressive interventions without bias or confounding 24 Randomized controlled trial limitation a primary question must not relate to clinical benefit b primary question must relate to clinical benefit

Intro to epidemiological study designs

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Intro to epidemiological study designsVersión en línea

por Yasmin Esmaeili

Choose the correct 2

What are some key point about study designs (choose all)

Research questions for cross-sectional studies are to (choose 2)

Design features of a cross-sectional study (choose all)

Cross-sectional study strengths are (choose all)

Limitations of cross-sectional study are (choose all0

Case-control study design is used for

Case-control study design includes (choose all)

Case-control Strengths are (choose all)

Case-control study weakness (choose all)

Cohort study design is best for (choose 2)

Design features of Cohort study design

Cohort study design strengths (choose all)

Cohort study design weakness are (choose all)

Purpose of an experimental study is to

The key to an experimental study is that investigators assign the ____ of interest

Clinical trial (randomized controlled trial) is an experimental study to evaluate new ______ or ______ intervention

Field trial includes (choose all)

Community trial is in which interventions are aimed at some communities and not others

Controlled means that both intervention group and comparison group receive intervention

RCT (random controlled trial) design features includes (choose all)

advantages of randomization (choose 2)

Randomized controlled trial strengths

Randomized controlled trial limitation

Clinical trial (randomized controlled trial) is an experimental study to evaluate new or intervention