Test: Muscular System (biology - hs3


Muscular SystemVersión en línea muscular system quiz por Mollie Owen 1 The thick filament is composed of what moledule? a actin b troponin c myosin d tropomyosin 2 The pivoting head of the myosin provides what is known as the a power stroke b recruitment c ATP d energy 3 What molecule in the thin filament has a binding site for myosin heads? a tropomyosin b troponin c myosin d actin 4 What molecule in the thin filament covers the binding site? a tropomyosin b troponin c myosin d actin 5 What molecule in the thin filament has a binding site for calcium ions? a tropomyosin b troponin c myosin d actin 6 What molecule must bind to the myosin head in order for it to disconnect with actin? a ATP b calcium ions c thin filament d sarcomere 7 Hydrolysis of ATP returns the myosin molecule to the ______ conformation. a backsliding b high energy c relaxed d latent 8 As the contraction cycle continues, alternate binding of myosin heads prevents the tin filament from a backsliding b high energy c relaxed d latent 9 What is NOT a role of ATP in the contraction of muscle? a detach myosin from actin b operate the calcium pump c powers glycolosis d power the working stroke 10 Which of the following shorten during contraction? (may be more than one) Choose one or more answers a thick filament b sarcomere c thin filament d H zone 11 What is a neuron that extends from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland? a sensory neuron b motor neuron c interneuron d none of the above 12 What is a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates referred to as? a motor unit b skeletal muscles c myofibril d thin filament 13 The stimulation of additional motor units will increase the strength of the contraction. This process is called a contraction b twitch c recruitment d resorption 14 The development of tension in a muscle, in response to a single action potential, is called a/an a contraction b stimulus c sarcomere d twitch 15 The phase of a muscle twitch where sarcomeres shorten and increase in tension a contraction period b latent period c relaxation period d power stroke period 16 The phase of a muscle twitch where sarcomeres return to resting length and decrease in tension a contraction period b latent period c relaxation period d power stroke period 17 The phase of a muscle twitch where sarcomeres are at resting length and action potential propogates a contraction period b latent period c relaxation period d power stroke period 18 ______ results from repeated stimulation of a muscle fiber. a propogation b glycolysis c wave summation d twitch 19 In wave summation, you must _____ the time interval between stimuli. a increase b decrease c eliminate 20 When stimulus frequency is increased, but some relaxation still occurs this is called a unfused tetanus b fused tetanus c wave summation d contraction 21 Once stored ATP has been used, an immediate source of energy is a glycolosis b ATPase c glucose d creatine phosphate 22 One molecule of CP produces _______ ATP. a one b two c many d no 23 ___ is the process that breaks down glucose. a contraction b resorption c power stroke d glycolosis 24 What are two products of the breakdown of glucose? Choose one or more answers a glycolosis b ATP c pyruvate d creatine phosphate 25 If oxygen is not available, pyruvate is converted to a lactic acid b glucose c ATP d myofibril 26 If oxygen is available, the process is known as ________ catabolism. a unfused tetanus b fused tetanus c anaerobic d aerobic 27 What are two sources of oxygen? Choose one or more answers a myoglobin b blood c oxidative d respiratory cells 28 What structure attaches muscles to bones? a ligaments b tendons c thick filaments d skeletal tissue 29 The whole muscles is composed of muscle cells (fibers) grouped in bundles called a myoglobin b perimysium c epimysium d fascicles 30 What connective tissue surrounds the whole muscle? a endomysium b epimysium c perimysium d fascicles 31 What connective tissue surrounds the fascicles? a endomysium b epimysium c perimysium d muscles 32 What connective tissue surrounds the muscle cell? a endomysium b epimysium c perimysium d fascicles 33 What is the plasma membrane of a cell? a sarcolemma b sarcoplasm c sarcoplasmic reticulum 34 What is the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell? a sarcolemma b sarcoplasm c sarcoplasmic reticulum 35 What is the intracellular fluid around organelles? a sarcolemma b sarcoplasm c sarcoplasmic reticulum 36 What is part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and stores calcium ions? a T tubules b terminal cisternae c triad 37 What is part of the sarcolemma and carries action potential? a T tubules b terminal cisternae c triad 38 What is the T tubule plus two terminal cisternae? a T tubules b terminal cisternae c triad 39 Which of the following are true of the dark band? Choose one or more answers a known as A band b known as I band c contains only thin filaments d contains both thick and thin filaments e defined by length of thick filament f defined as distance between two thick filaments 40 Which of the following are true of the light band? Choose one or more answers a known as A band b known as I band c contains only thin filaments d contains both thick and thin filaments e defined by length of thick filament f defined as distance between two thick filaments 41 What bisects the I band and anchors the thin filaments? a Sarcomere b H zone c A band d Z-discs 42 What is the region between two Z-discs that is the functional unit of the skeletal muscle called? a Sarcomere b H zone c A band d Z-discs 43 What is the cylindrical organelle inside the muscle cells? a fascicle b myofilament c myofibril d muscle fiber (cell) e muscle 44 Thousands of these bundled together compose a myrofibril a fascicle b myofilament c myofibril d muscle fiber (cell) e muscle 45 Thin cylinders that are much longer than most cells a fascicle b myofilament c myofibril d muscle fiber (cell) e muscle 46 Made up of muscle fibers or cells a fascicle b myofilament c myofibril d muscle fiber (cell) e muscle 47 Made up of fascicles a fascicle b myofilament c myofibril d muscle fiber (cell) e muscle 48 The synapses between a motor neuron and the muscle it innervates is called a/an a neuromuscular junction b axon c myofibril d sarcolemma 49 Synaptic vesicles in the axon terminal of a motor neuron contain what neurotransmitter a ATP b creatine phosphate c acetylcholine 50 Binding a neurotransmitter to the receptors on the motor end plate opens what type of ion channels? a calcium channels b sodium channels c axon channels d ATP channels 51 Opening of the sodium channels leads to _____ of the motor end plate. a contraction b recruitment c hydrolosis d depolarization 52 As a result of depolarization, an action potential is propagated along the _______ of the muscle cell and down the _____ into the cell. a Z discs; terminal cisternae b dark band; fascicle c sarcolemma; T tubules 53 Propagating action potential releases what ion from the terminal cisternae? a potassium ions b calcium ions c sodium ions d ATP 54 How is a neurotransmitter removed from the synaptic cleft? a acetylcholinesterase b ATP c calcium ions d choline phosphate 55 What type of muscle tissue is striated and under voluntary control? a smooth b skeletal c cardiac 56 Muscle tissue has all of the following characteristics except a secretion b contractility c excitability 57 Which of the following connective tissue layers surrounds a fascicle? a endomysium b epimysium c perimysium 58 What is the functional unit of skeletal muscle? a sarcomere b myofiliment c sarcoplasm 59 What structure in skeletal muscle stores calcium? a mitochondria b sarcoplasmic reticulum c T-tubules 60 What type of ion channel opens at the neuromuscular junction which leads to the release of acetylcholine? a voltage-gated Na channels b voltage-gated Ca++ channels c ligand-gated Ca++ channels 61 What prevents Ach in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction? a calcium returning to the terminal cisternae b Ach gets used up c acetylcholineserate destroys Ach 62 When _____ gated ion channels at the motor end plate open, the interior of the cell becomes less negative, which is known as _____. a ligand; depolarization b ligand; repolarization c voltage; depolarization 63 What ion exits the muscle cell returning the cell to its resting membrane potential? a sodium b potassium c calcium 64 Excitation-contraction coupling requires: a calcium only b calcium and ATP c ATP only 65 During muscle contraction which two filaments form cross bridges? a actin and myosin b troponin and tropomyosin c myosin and troponin 66 What ion binds to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition? a sodium b potassium c calcium 67 What protein blocks myosin binding sites on actin molecules preventing contraction? a troponin b tropomyosin c actin 68 A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a a motor unit b sarcomere c functional unit 69 Wave summation produces a smooth, continuous contractions b increase muscle tension c prevent fatigue 70 During an isometric contraction, the muscle a shortens b lengthens c does not change length 71 Which fiber type depends on oxygen delivery and aerobic metabolism? a type I fibers b type II fibers 72 What molecule is stored in muscle and provides energy that can be transferred to ADP and resynthesize ATP? a glucose b creatine phosphate c pyruvic acid 73 Which of the following statements about myofilaments is false? a Both thick and thin filaments contain the contractile protein myosin. b Thin filaments of skeletal muscle contain the regulatory proteins troponin and tropomyosin. c Thick filaments contain the contractile protein myosin. 74 The tension in our muscles at rest, which helps to maintain posture and stabilize joints, is called a treppe b recruitment c muscle tone d there is no tension in muscles at rest

1

The thick filament is composed of what moledule?

a

actin

b

troponin

c

myosin

d

tropomyosin

2

The pivoting head of the myosin provides what is known as the

a

power stroke

b

recruitment

c

ATP

d

energy

3

What molecule in the thin filament has a binding site for myosin heads?

a

tropomyosin

b

troponin

c

myosin

d

actin

4

What molecule in the thin filament covers the binding site?

a

tropomyosin

b

troponin

c

myosin

d

actin

5

What molecule in the thin filament has a binding site for calcium ions?

a

tropomyosin

b

troponin

c

myosin

d

actin

6

What molecule must bind to the myosin head in order for it to disconnect with actin?

a

ATP

b

calcium ions

c

thin filament

d

sarcomere

7

Hydrolysis of ATP returns the myosin molecule to the ______ conformation.

a

backsliding

b

high energy

c

relaxed

d

latent

8

As the contraction cycle continues, alternate binding of myosin heads prevents the tin filament from

a

backsliding

b

high energy

c

relaxed

d

latent

9

What is NOT a role of ATP in the contraction of muscle?

a

detach myosin from actin

b

operate the calcium pump

c

powers glycolosis

d

power the working stroke

10

Which of the following shorten during contraction? (may be more than one)

Choose one or more answers

a

thick filament

b

sarcomere

c

thin filament

d

H zone

11

What is a neuron that extends from the brain or spinal cord to a muscle or gland?

a

sensory neuron

b

motor neuron

c

interneuron

d

none of the above

12

What is a motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates referred to as?

a

motor unit

b

skeletal muscles

c

myofibril

d

thin filament

13

The stimulation of additional motor units will increase the strength of the contraction. This process is called

a

contraction

b

twitch

c

recruitment

d

resorption

14

The development of tension in a muscle, in response to a single action potential, is called a/an

a

contraction

b

stimulus

c

sarcomere

d

twitch

15

The phase of a muscle twitch where sarcomeres shorten and increase in tension

a

contraction period

b

latent period

c

relaxation period

d

power stroke period

16

The phase of a muscle twitch where sarcomeres return to resting length and decrease in tension

a

contraction period

b

latent period

c

relaxation period

d

power stroke period

17

The phase of a muscle twitch where sarcomeres are at resting length and action potential propogates

a

contraction period

b

latent period

c

relaxation period

d

power stroke period

18

______ results from repeated stimulation of a muscle fiber.

a

propogation

b

glycolysis

c

wave summation

d

twitch

19

In wave summation, you must _____ the time interval between stimuli.

a

increase

b

decrease

c

eliminate

20

When stimulus frequency is increased, but some relaxation still occurs this is called

a

unfused tetanus

b

fused tetanus

c

wave summation

d

contraction

21

Once stored ATP has been used, an immediate source of energy is

a

glycolosis

b

ATPase

c

glucose

d

creatine phosphate

22

One molecule of CP produces _______ ATP.

a

one

b

two

c

many

d

no

23

___ is the process that breaks down glucose.

a

contraction

b

resorption

c

power stroke

d

glycolosis

24

What are two products of the breakdown of glucose?

Choose one or more answers

a

glycolosis

b

ATP

c

pyruvate

d

creatine phosphate

25

If oxygen is not available, pyruvate is converted to

a

lactic acid

b

glucose

c

ATP

d

myofibril

26

If oxygen is available, the process is known as ________ catabolism.

a

unfused tetanus

b

fused tetanus

c

anaerobic

d

aerobic

27

What are two sources of oxygen?

Choose one or more answers

a

myoglobin

b

blood

c

oxidative

d

respiratory cells

28

What structure attaches muscles to bones?

a

ligaments

b

tendons

c

thick filaments

d

skeletal tissue

29

The whole muscles is composed of muscle cells (fibers) grouped in bundles called

a

myoglobin

b

perimysium

c

epimysium

d

fascicles

30

What connective tissue surrounds the whole muscle?

a

endomysium

b

epimysium

c

perimysium

d

fascicles

31

What connective tissue surrounds the fascicles?

a

endomysium

b

epimysium

c

perimysium

d

muscles

32

What connective tissue surrounds the muscle cell?

a

endomysium

b

epimysium

c

perimysium

d

fascicles

33

What is the plasma membrane of a cell?

a

sarcolemma

b

sarcoplasm

c

sarcoplasmic reticulum

34

What is the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell?

a

sarcolemma

b

sarcoplasm

c

sarcoplasmic reticulum

35

What is the intracellular fluid around organelles?

a

sarcolemma

b

sarcoplasm

c

sarcoplasmic reticulum

36

What is part of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and stores calcium ions?

a

T tubules

b

terminal cisternae

c

triad

37

What is part of the sarcolemma and carries action potential?

a

T tubules

b

terminal cisternae

c

triad

38

What is the T tubule plus two terminal cisternae?

a

T tubules

b

terminal cisternae

c

triad

39

Which of the following are true of the dark band?

Choose one or more answers

a

known as A band

b

known as I band

c

contains only thin filaments

d

contains both thick and thin filaments

e

defined by length of thick filament

f

defined as distance between two thick filaments

40

Which of the following are true of the light band?

Choose one or more answers

a

known as A band

b

known as I band

c

contains only thin filaments

d

contains both thick and thin filaments

e

defined by length of thick filament

f

defined as distance between two thick filaments

41

What bisects the I band and anchors the thin filaments?

a

Sarcomere

b

H zone

c

A band

d

Z-discs

42

What is the region between two Z-discs that is the functional unit of the skeletal muscle called?

a

Sarcomere

b

H zone

c

A band

d

Z-discs

43

What is the cylindrical organelle inside the muscle cells?

a

fascicle

b

myofilament

c

myofibril

d

muscle fiber (cell)

e

muscle

44

Thousands of these bundled together compose a myrofibril

a

fascicle

b

myofilament

c

myofibril

d

muscle fiber (cell)

e

muscle

45

Thin cylinders that are much longer than most cells

a

fascicle

b

myofilament

c

myofibril

d

muscle fiber (cell)

e

muscle

46

Made up of muscle fibers or cells

a

fascicle

b

myofilament

c

myofibril

d

muscle fiber (cell)

e

muscle

47

Made up of fascicles

a

fascicle

b

myofilament

c

myofibril

d

muscle fiber (cell)

e

muscle

48

The synapses between a motor neuron and the muscle it innervates is called a/an

a

neuromuscular junction

b

axon

c

myofibril

d

sarcolemma

49

Synaptic vesicles in the axon terminal of a motor neuron contain what neurotransmitter

a

ATP

b

creatine phosphate

c

acetylcholine

50

Binding a neurotransmitter to the receptors on the motor end plate opens what type of ion channels?

a

calcium channels

b

sodium channels

c

axon channels

d

ATP channels

51

Opening of the sodium channels leads to _____ of the motor end plate.

a

contraction

b

recruitment

c

hydrolosis

d

depolarization

52

As a result of depolarization, an action potential is propagated along the ___ of the muscle cell and down the _ into the cell.

a

Z discs; terminal cisternae

b

dark band; fascicle

c

sarcolemma; T tubules

53

Propagating action potential releases what ion from the terminal cisternae?

a

potassium ions

b

calcium ions

c

sodium ions

d

ATP

54

How is a neurotransmitter removed from the synaptic cleft?

a

acetylcholinesterase

b

ATP

c

calcium ions

d

choline phosphate

55

What type of muscle tissue is striated and under voluntary control?

a

smooth

b

skeletal

c

cardiac

56

Muscle tissue has all of the following characteristics except

a

secretion

b

contractility

c

excitability

57

Which of the following connective tissue layers surrounds a fascicle?

a

endomysium

b

epimysium

c

perimysium

58

What is the functional unit of skeletal muscle?

a

sarcomere

b

myofiliment

c

sarcoplasm

59

What structure in skeletal muscle stores calcium?

a

mitochondria

b

sarcoplasmic reticulum

c

T-tubules

60

What type of ion channel opens at the neuromuscular junction which leads to the release of acetylcholine?

a

voltage-gated Na channels

b

voltage-gated Ca++ channels

c

ligand-gated Ca++ channels

61

What prevents Ach in the synaptic cleft from continuing to stimulate contraction?

a

calcium returning to the terminal cisternae

b

Ach gets used up

c

acetylcholineserate destroys Ach

62

When _ gated ion channels at the motor end plate open, the interior of the cell becomes less negative, which is known as _.

a

ligand; depolarization

b

ligand; repolarization

c

voltage; depolarization

63

What ion exits the muscle cell returning the cell to its resting membrane potential?

a

sodium

b

potassium

c

calcium

64

Excitation-contraction coupling requires:

a

calcium only

b

calcium and ATP

c

ATP only

65

During muscle contraction which two filaments form cross bridges?

a

actin and myosin

b

troponin and tropomyosin

c

myosin and troponin

66

What ion binds to regulatory sites on troponin to remove contraction inhibition?

a

sodium

b

potassium

c

calcium

67

What protein blocks myosin binding sites on actin molecules preventing contraction?

a

troponin

b

tropomyosin

c

actin

68

A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates is called a

a

motor unit

b

sarcomere

c

functional unit

69

Wave summation produces

a

smooth, continuous contractions

b

increase muscle tension

c

prevent fatigue

70

During an isometric contraction, the muscle

a

shortens

b

lengthens

c

does not change length

71

Which fiber type depends on oxygen delivery and aerobic metabolism?

a

type I fibers

b

type II fibers

72

What molecule is stored in muscle and provides energy that can be transferred to ADP and resynthesize ATP?

a

glucose

b

creatine phosphate

c

pyruvic acid

73

Which of the following statements about myofilaments is false?

a

Both thick and thin filaments contain the contractile protein myosin.

b

Thin filaments of skeletal muscle contain the regulatory proteins troponin and tropomyosin.

c

Thick filaments contain the contractile protein myosin.

74

The tension in our muscles at rest, which helps to maintain posture and stabilize joints, is called

a

treppe

b

recruitment

c

muscle tone

d

there is no tension in muscles at rest

Muscular System

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