Cities
																	 
																	fighting
																	 
																	rising
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	levels
																	
																	
																	What
																	 
																	is
																	 
																	being
																	 
																	done
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	guard
																	 
																	cities
																	 
																	against
																	 
																	rising
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	levels
																	?
																	
																	
																	Some
																	 
																	well
																	 
																	known
																	 
																	politicians
																	 
																	have
																	 
																	described
																	 
																	global
																	 
																	warming
																	 
																	as
																	 
																	a
																	 
																		
												
																	.
																	 
																	However
																	,
																	 
																	most
																	 
																	experts
																	 
																	agree
																	 
																	that
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	world's
																	 
																	climate
																	 
																	is
																	 
																	changing
																	.
																	 
																	They
																	 
																	also
																	 
																	think
																	 
																	that
																	 
																	human
																	 
																	activities
																	 
																	play
																	 
																	a
																	 
																	great
																	 
																	part
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	change
																	.
																	 
																	In
																	 
																	some
																	 
																	cities
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	U
																	.
																	S
																	.
																	 
																	and
																	 
																	elsewhere
																	,
																	 
																	they
																	 
																	are
																	 
																	putting
																	 
																	plans
																	 
																	into
																	 
																	action
																	.
																	 
																	These
																	 
																	plans
																	,
																	 
																	they
																	 
																	hope
																	,
																	 
																	will
																	 
																	protect
																	 
																	them
																	 
																	against
																	 
																	one
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	effects
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	climate
																	 
																	change
																	:
																	 
																	rising
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	levels
																	.
																	
																	
																	Many
																	 
																	people
																	 
																	can
																	 
																	imagine
																	 
																	what
																	 
																	will
																	 
																	happen
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	small
																	 
																	islands
																	 
																	due
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	rising
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	levels
																	.
																	 
																	Indeed
																	,
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	impact
																	 
																	on
																	 
																	small
																	 
																	island
																	 
																	communities
																	 
																	like
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	Solomon
																	 
																	Islands
																	 
																	will
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	terrible
																	.
																	 
																	However
																	,
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	money
																	 
																	terms
																	,
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	greatest
																	 
																	effect
																	 
																	will
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	on
																	 
																	cities
																	 
																	like
																	 
																	New
																	 
																	York
																	,
																	 
																	Guangzhou
																	,
																	 
																	and
																	 
																	greatest
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	all
																	,
																	 
																	Miami
																	.
																	 
																	In
																	 
																	fact
																	,
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	whole
																	 
																	length
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	south
																	 
																	Florida
																	 
																	is
																	 
																	facing
																	 
																	a
																	 
																	real
																	 
																	problem
																	.
																	
																	
																	So
																	,
																	 
																	what
																	 
																	can
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	done
																	?
																	 
																	Is
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	answer
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	build
																	 
																	a
																	 
																	huge
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	wall
																	 
																	like
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	one
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	Holland
																	 
																	for
																	 
																	example
																	?
																	 
																	Too
																	 
																	simple
																	,
																	 
																	says
																	 
																	William
																	 
																	Sweet
																	,
																	 
																	an
																	 
																	expert
																	 
																	at
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	National
																	 
																	Oceanic
																	 
																	and
																	 
																	Atmospheric
																	 
																	Administration
																	.
																	 
																	Much
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	south
																	 
																	Florida's
																	 
																	infrastructure
																	,
																	 
																	like
																	 
																	drains
																	 
																	and
																	 
																	wells
																	,
																	 
																	was
																	 
																	put
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	a
																	 
																	hundred
																	 
																	years
																	 
																	ago
																	.
																	 
																	The
																	 
																	results
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	changes
																	 
																	will
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	clear
																	 
																	long
																	 
																	before
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	water
																	 
																	reaches
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	buildings
																	.
																	
																	
																	Some
																	 
																	work
																	 
																	is
																	 
																	already
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	hand
																	.
																	 
																	105
																	 
																	miles
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	roads
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	Miami
																	 
																	beach
																	 
																	are
																	 
																	being
																	 
																	raised
																	,
																	 
																	one
																	 
																	new
																	 
																	shopping
																	 
																	mall
																	 
																	has
																	 
																	been
																	 
																	built
																	 
																	with
																	 
																		
												
																	,
																	 
																	and
																	 
																	116
																	 
																	new
																	 
																		
												
																	 
																	valves
																	 
																	were
																	 
																	put
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	Fort
																	 
																	Lauderdale
																	.
																	 
																	However
																	,
																	 
																	this
																	 
																	work
																	 
																	is
																	 
																	not
																	 
																	going
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	enough
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	save
																	 
																	some
																	 
																	communities
																	.
																	 
																	In
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	end
																	,
																	 
																	a
																	 
																	decision
																	 
																	will
																	 
																	need
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	made
																	 
																	and
																	 
																	some
																	 
																	areas
																	 
																	will
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	found
																	 
																	no
																	 
																	longer
																	 
																		
												
																	.
																	
																	
																	South
																	 
																	Florida
																	 
																	is
																	 
																	one
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	richest
																	 
																	areas
																	 
																	on
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	planet
																	.
																	 
																	People
																	 
																	might
																	 
																	reasonably
																	 
																	say
																	 
																	that
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	problem
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	level
																	 
																	rise
																	 
																	must
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	solved
																	 
																	there
																	.
																	 
																	If
																	 
																	not
																	,
																	 
																	then
																	 
																	there
																	 
																	will
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	major
																	 
																	truths
																	 
																	for
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	rest
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	world
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	face
																	.
																	 
																	In
																	 
																	many
																	 
																	places
																	 
																	there
																	 
																	could
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	a
																	 
																	battle
																	.
																	 
																	Home
																	 
																	owners
																	 
																	want
																	 
																	their
																	 
																	homes
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	protected
																	 
																	and
																	 
																	push
																	 
																	for
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	walls
																	.
																	 
																	City
																	 
																	authorities
																	,
																	 
																	knowing
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	huge
																	 
																	costs
																	 
																	involved
																	,
																	 
																	are
																	 
																	careful
																	 
																	about
																	 
																	starting
																	 
																	schemes
																	 
																	they
																	 
																	might
																	 
																	not
																	 
																	have
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	money
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	finish
																	.
																	 
																	Others
																	 
																	want
																	 
																	natural
																	 
																	areas
																	 
																	and
																	 
																	wildlife
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	be
																	 
																	saved
																	.
																	 
																	They
																	 
																	view
																	 
																	coastal
																	 
																		
												
																	 
																	as
																	 
																	a
																	 
																	natural
																	 
																	thing
																	.
																	 
																	As
																	 
																	a
																	 
																	result
																	,
																	 
																	they
																	 
																	don't
																	 
																	want
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	walls
																	 
																	arguing
																	 
																	people
																	 
																	are
																	 
																	at
																	 
																	fault
																	 
																	because
																	 
																	they
																	 
																	should
																	 
																	not
																	 
																	have
																	 
																	built
																	 
																	so
																	 
																	close
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	first
																	 
																	place
																	.
																	
																	
																	In
																	 
																	different
																	 
																	parts
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	world
																	,
																	 
																	we
																	 
																	can
																	 
																	see
																	 
																	different
																	 
																		
												
																	.
																	 
																	In
																	 
																	New
																	 
																	York
																	,
																	 
																	work
																	 
																	has
																	 
																	started
																	 
																	on
																	 
																	a
																	 
																	new
																	 
																	wall
																	 
																	which
																	 
																	will
																	 
																	raise
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	level
																	 
																	of
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	East
																	 
																	River
																	 
																	bank
																	 
																	by
																	 
																	10
																	 
																	feet
																	 
																	(
																	3m
																	)
																	.
																	 
																	In
																	 
																	Australia
																	,
																	 
																	property
																	 
																	protection
																	 
																	has
																	 
																	been
																	 
																	given
																	 
																		
												
																	 
																	too
																	.
																	 
																	Here
																	 
																	though
																	,
																	 
																	new
																	 
																	materials
																	 
																	are
																	 
																	being
																	 
																	tested
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	lessen
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	effect
																	 
																	on
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	area
																	.
																	 
																	In
																	 
																	other
																	 
																	places
																	,
																	 
																	different
																	 
																		
												
																	 
																	are
																	 
																	being
																	 
																	tried
																	,
																	 
																	which
																	 
																	may
																	 
																	include
																	 
																	building
																	 
																	on
																	 
																	poles
																	 
																	or
																	 
																	having
																	 
																	buildings
																	 
																	that
																	 
																	float
																	.
																	
																	
																	Whatever
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	method
																	,
																	 
																	it
																	 
																	is
																	 
																	clear
																	 
																	that
																	 
																	many
																	 
																	areas
																	 
																	close
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	are
																	 
																	going
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	need
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	take
																	 
																	action
																	 
																	very
																	 
																	soon
																	.
																	 
																	There
																	 
																	are
																	 
																	already
																	 
																	signs
																	 
																	that
																	 
																	sea
																	 
																	levels
																	 
																	are
																	 
																	rising
																	 
																	and
																	 
																	the
																	 
																	ice
																	 
																		
												
																	 
																	in
																	 
																	the
																	 
																		
												
																	 
																	areas
																	 
																	means
																	 
																	that
																	 
																	this
																	 
																	is
																	 
																	set
																	 
																	to
																	 
																	continue
																	.
																	
																	
																	
																	Let's
																	 
																	check
																	 
																	what
																	 
																	you
																	 
																	remember
																	!