Western
Front
:
In
this
first
phase
,
the
military
superiority
of
the
Axis
powers
over
their
enemies
became
evident
.
The
Germans
had
an
army
(
)
based
on
a
powerful
air
force
(
)
and
a
military
tactic
that
surprised
their
opponents
:
the
or
lightning
war
.
It
involved
constant
bombing
and
,
without
delay
,
attacking
with
ground
forces
and
tanks
.
This
way
,
the
Germans
took
the
initiative
on
the
western
front
.
As
mentioned
earlier
,
Germany
invaded
(
citing
the
attack
on
a
German
radio
station
by
Poland
as
a
pretext
)
.
declared
war
on
Germany
on
September
.
France
also
declared
war
.
Meanwhile
,
the
United
States
announced
its
neutrality
as
it
did
not
want
to
get
involved
in
European
problems
.
The
Soviet
Union
,
following
the
pact
they
had
signed
with
Hitler
,
invaded
the
other
half
of
Poland
.
On
September
,
Warsaw
fell
,
and
Germans
and
Soviets
divided
the
country
(
they
celebrated
a
victory
parade
together
)
.
Subsequently
,
in
1940
,
Stalin
invaded
Finland
and
annexed
,
Latvia
,
and
(
turning
them
into
Soviet
republics
)
.
From
the
spring
of
1940
,
Germany
invaded
and
Norway
(
to
control
the
North
Sea
and
metal
factories
)
.
From
this
position
,
they
moved
on
to
occupy
,
Luxembourg
,
and
the
Netherlands
.
Faced
with
the
proximity
of
the
German
armies
,
France
decided
to
concentrate
its
forces
on
the
border
,
but
they
didn't
actually
have
any
plan
to
stop
the
German
advance
and
their
tanks
.
Germany
,
in
a
flanking
movement
,
outflanked
the
French
defenses
and
then
advanced
in
two
directions
:
From
the
south
,
reaching
Paris
.
From
the
north
,
forcing
the
French
to
go
towards
the
coast
,
leaving
British
and
French
military
trapped
in
(
the
Miracle
of
Dunkirk
)
;
however
,
Hitler
decided
to
change
course
,
and
British
and
French
soldiers
(
around
half
a
million
)
could
be
evacuated
to
Britain
.
On
June
10
,
declared
war
on
France
,
and
on
the
22nd
of
the
same
month
,
France
surrendered
after
signing
the
Armistice
of
.
From
this
moment
on
,
France
was
divided
into
two
zones
:
The
Germans
controlled
the
center
and
the
Atlantic
coast
.
The
regime
in
the
south
.
Marshal
Pétain
led
the
government
(
close
to
the
Nazi
regime
)
.
For
the
moment
,
was
the
only
one
not
to
succumb
to
Hitler
.
In
May
,
Winston
Churchill
was
appointed
Prime
Minister
.
He
rejected
Germany's
peace
offer
and
decided
to
continue
the
war
(
having
economic
support
from
the
United
States
and
its
colonies
)
.
In
the
Battle
of
Britain
(
from
the
summer
of
1940
to
May
1941
)
,
the
two
air
forces
clashed
:
the
Luftwaffe
and
the
Royal
Air
Force
.
instilled
the
spirit
of
resistance
in
the
British
,
and
they
achieved
the
first
major
defeat
of
Hitler
.
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