Public
speaking
?
How
to
develop
an
outline
One
of
the
most
difficult
surrounding
presentations
,
chairing
a
meeting
,
or
giving
a
is
developing
and
using
an
outline
.
It
can
literally
be
the
difference
between
success
and
failure
.
Preparing
an
outline
can
help
you
organize
your
thoughts
into
a
logical
order
that
can
be
easily
followed
by
the
audience
.
And
when
you
use
an
outline
during
your
delivery
,
it
makes
it
easier
for
you
to
be
more
conversational
and
speak
with
confidence
.
Now
,
how
can
you
make
sure
that
your
outline
or
notes
are
useful
and
can
help
you
give
an
effective
presentation
or
speech
?
First
,
you
need
to
decide
what
kind
of
outline
or
notes
you
will
need
.
Ask
yourself
the
following
questions
:
How
well
do
I
know
the
?
How
long
is
the
presentation
or
speech
?
If
there
are
any
questions
,
will
I
be
able
to
answer
them
accurately
without
notes
?
Will
I
be
able
to
maintain
a
logical
progression
from
one
point
to
the
next
?
If
you
felt
unsure
about
the
answer
to
these
questions
,
then
you
will
need
to
develop
an
outline
,
which
can
be
very
simple
.
For
some
situations
,
even
a
mental
outline
could
be
sufficient
.
Perhaps
it
is
only
necessary
to
present
an
update
on
a
project
you
are
involved
in
that
would
only
take
a
few
minutes
?
this
would
not
necessarily
require
a
written
outline
.
But
what
if
you
have
been
asked
to
present
your
company's
products
to
prospective
clients
and
are
expected
to
go
into
detail
?
In
this
case
,
an
outline
would
be
very
.
If
you
feel
that
a
mental
outline
will
,
it
is
very
important
to
organize
your
thoughts
.
This
requires
thinking
before
you
speak
.
First
,
fix
your
objective
in
mind
and
keep
it
as
your
central
thought
throughout
your
presentation
.
Next
,
choose
the
steps
that
you
need
to
take
in
order
to
achieve
your
objective
,
and
then
speak
.
But
what
if
a
mental
outline
is
impossible
?
Don't
panic
!
A
brief
and
simple
outline
or
set
of
notes
will
help
.
Its
purpose
is
to
help
you
recall
ideas
,
not
to
specific
words
,
phrases
,
or
sentences
.
If
you
need
to
write
the
first
couple
of
sentences
word
by
word
,
do
so
.
But
after
that
,
your
outline
should
consist
of
several
main
points
and
subpoints
.
It
is
generally
best
to
identify
your
main
points
somehow
,
you
could
do
that
by
underlining
them
,
bolding
them
,
or
even
highlighting
them
.
That
way
,
it
will
be
easier
for
you
to
identify
them
at
a
glance
,
making
it
more
unlikely
to
lose
your
place
.
The
subpoints
under
each
main
point
should
only
be
a
few
words
or
statistics
that
support
the
main
point
and
that
can
be
tabbed
over
to
the
right
of
your
notes
so
that
they
can
be
visually
separated
from
your
main
points
.
Never
underestimate
the
value
of
preparation
though
.
The
more
you
are
with
your
outline
,
the
more
comfortable
you
will
be
with
the
information
,
and
the
easier
it
will
be
for
you
to
convey
it
to
your
audience
in
an
effective
way
.
This
will
allow
you
to
maintain
good
visual
contact
with
your
audience
,
describe
points
,
subjects
,
and
situations
in
a
clear
and
understandable
way
,
and
also
adjust
your
speech
to
your
audience
.
Do
they
look
bored
,
tired
,
or
uninterested
?
Or
are
they
engaged
,
taking
notes
,
and
listening
attentively
?
Without
using
an
outline
and
knowing
it
well
,
it
would
be
impossible
to
receive
this
kind
of
feedback
during
your
speech
or
presentation
.
When
you
master
the
art
of
speaking
from
an
outline
,
you
will
take
a
huge
step
forward
in
becoming
an
effective
,
confident
public
speaker
.
Let's
check
what
you
can
remember
!
Crear