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The Restoration

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The Restoration

Actividad de English your Way

JOSÉ MIGUEL RAMÍREZ
1

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The Restoration will establish the moderate liberal regime that existed before the Revolution . Its main architect was . The 1876 Constitution was promulgated , establishing shared sovereignty between the King and the Cortes , the Catholic nature of the State , and ( easier for electoral fraud ) .

The political system was based on the existence of two political parties :
The : led by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo and supported by the most conservative and traditional social groups ( excluding the Carlists ) .
The : led by and composed of progressives .
During the Restoration , the and peaceful alternation ( turn of the century ) stood out . Both were made possible by and " " ( local political bossism ) . In other words , political parties took turns in power by manipulating electoral results . This alternation aimed to provide stability to the Spanish political system . In fact , even after death in 1885 , political stability was not compromised . His wife , ( 1875 ? 1902 ) , assumed the regency until the future reached adulthood .

Spain retained only , , and the from its great 16th - century empire . The United States wanted to buy Cuba and Puerto Rico , but Spain refused the sale . The United States sought an excuse for revenge and found it with the explosion of the ( it was not the Spaniards who caused the ship's sinking but an explosion in the engine room ) . They now had a reason to declare war . The Spanish were defeated , and Cuba , Puerto Rico , and the Philippines were lost . This disaster marked a period of pessimism , crisis , and reflection .
Regenerationism was a movement that sought to understand the causes of Spain's downfall and propose solutions . Essentially , they attempted to lift Spain from its backwardness by promoting education , industrialization , and bringing the country closer to Europe , that is , modernizing it .

2

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failed due to the ongoing conflicts that unfolded in the early years of the century . We can highlight :
? Anticlericalism .
? The workers' movement ( strikes , riots , etc . ) .
? The war with for control of the North African region . In this war , the infamous " of " occurred in , where 13 , 000 Spanish soldiers lost their lives .
This situation weakened Alfonso XIII , leading Spanish military to carry out a coup d'état ( with the King's approval ) , marking the beginning of de Rivera's Dictatorship ( 1923 - ) . These were years of great economic prosperity , marked by public works and the establishment of national companies such as Correos and Telefónica .
The dictator managed to resolve the African issue with the ( 1925 ) . However , Primo de Rivera's government faced a crisis in 1929 as he sought to emulate fascist model , which politicians and even the military did not accept . Primo de Rivera resigned from power .
Republicans began to gain strength . Their leaders signed the of San ( 1930 ) to bring about the advent of the Second Republic ( since the monarchy had been discredited due to its support for the dictatorship ) . In the municipal elections of April 12 , 1931 , republican and socialist parties achieved victory in the cities . This situation led into exile . On April 14 , 1931 , the Second Republic was proclaimed ( 1931 - ) .