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Asexual and sexual reproduction

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biology
asexual and sexual reproduction
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Belinda Schirmer
Belinda Schirmer
Australia

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Asexual and sexual reproduction

Complete this fill-in-the-blanks daily review.

Belinda Schirmer
1

finite success offspring species individual biological pool identical survive gene genetic

Reproduction means making a copy or a likeness . For living organisms , this means producing that are to the parent or resemble the two parents that gave rise to them .
Individuals have a lifespan , so in order for a population or a species to , material must be passed from one generation to the next . This ability to reproduce is known as
the reproductive of an individual .
The genetic material of all organisms in a population makes up the . The likelihood of genes appearing in the next generation and being passed on is known as fitness .
In evolutionary terms , reproduction is less significant for success and more important for the continuation of the .

2

Sexual embryo meiosis gametes fertilisation haploid chromosomes zygote fuse mitosis

reproduction requires the production of male and female ( sperm and ova ) by the process of ( reduction division ) .
Each gamete is with half the normal number of .
The gametes during the process of to create a ( fertilised egg ) with the full diploid ( 2n ) complement of chromosomes .
The cells of the zygote divide by , keeping the chromosome number constant , and the resulting continues to grow and mature into a new individual .

3

Internal aquatic fewer External energy internally parental large dehydration inside nourishment externally

Fertilisation may take place or .
External fertilisation occurs in or moist terrestrial environments , to prevent of gametes . Gametes must be produced in numbers to ensure success .
Internal fertilisation takes place the body of the female and involves mate attraction and copulation , which require investment and put the organisms at risk of predation , but
eggs need to be produced .
fertilisation occurs in most invertebrates and some vertebrates ( fish and amphibians ) .
fertilisation occurs in some invertebrates ( insects and snails ) and most vertebrates ( reptiles , mammals and birds ) .
Other mechanisms that increase the chances of survival and continuity of species include for the developing young and care .

4

self dispersal pollination germination wind environmental variation cross agents fruit

Sexual reproduction in plants involves external of pollination and seed , such as , water , fire ( abiotic ) and animals ( biotic ) .
Pollination mechanisms in plants include - pollination ( to ensure survival if reproductive partners are scarce ) and - pollination ( to increase genetic and ensure survival if a
sudden change such as disease or drought occurs ) .
The life cycle of a plant involves , fertilisation , seed dispersal and .
Seed dispersal relies on the type of in which the seeds occur matching the type of dispersal agent available in that environment .

5

wall resources DNA Budding rapid variation demise cleavage fission Hydra bacteria identical parent

occurs in yeast and some multicellular organisms such as and brain coral .
Binary is the most common form of asexual reproduction in and protists .
Asexual reproduction in bacteria occurs in a series of steps : a cell grows to twice its size ; replicates ; DNA separates ; protein accumulates at the site ; the cytoplasm divides ; and
a new is synthesised .
Both binary fission and budding involve only one , so no mate is required , allowing proliferation of genetically organisms that are well suited to survive in their particular
environment .
Disadvantages of asexual forms of reproduction : lack of genetic in offspring , which may lead to their in unexpected harsh conditions or as a result of other changes in
selecting agents ; the large numbers of offspring produced may compete with each other for
.

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