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FUNBIO 14 PART 3

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Review how cells form the basis of tissues, organs, and organ systems.
Outline the four types primary tissue types.
Describe the structure and function of these four tissue types; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
Identify distinguishing features of each tissue type.

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bio bone cartilage
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Zainab Nabeel
Zainab Nabeel
Bahréin

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FUNBIO 14 PART 3

Review how cells form the basis of tissues, organs, and organ systems. Outline the four types primary tissue types. Describe the structure and function of these four tissue types; epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. Identify distinguishing features of each tissue type.

Zainab Nabeel
1

intervertebral Unipolar endosteum threadlike pericondrium Lacunae Compact hyaline matrix fibrocartilage Perichondrium Neuroglia Canaliculi

Specialized Connective Tissue : cartilage

specialized cells embedded in a of extracellular fibers and other material .

A dense network of collagen fibers and elastic fibers firmly embedded in chondroitin sulfate ( a gel like component of the ground substance )


- Chrondrocytes : Cartilage cells found in spaces ( ? lacunae ? ) in the extracellular matrix
- Perichondrium : Covering of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage ; source of new cartilage cells .
Two layers : outer fibrous layer and inner cellular layer
- No blood vessels or nerves , except

Three types of cartilage : hyaline , fibrocartilage , and elastic

cartilage :
- Most abundant cartilage in the body : ends of long bones , anterior end of ribs , nose , trachea , bronchi
- Surrounding by perichondrium ( some exceptions like articular cartilage )
- Provide flexibility and support . Reduces friction


- Chondrocytes are scattered among bundles of collagen fibers within the extracellular matrix
- Lack a perchondrium
- Strongest type of cartilage
- Found in disc ( between vertebrae ) , menisci ( cartilage pads of knees ) , portions of tendons that insert into cartilage

elastic cartilage
- Chrondrocytes are located within a network of elastic fibers
- is present
- E . g . auricle of ear , auditory / Eustachian tube , epiglottis
- Provides strength and elasticity

specialized connective tissue ( the bone ) :
- Bones are organs composed of several different connective tissues : bone ( osseous ) tissue , periosteum , and .
- Two types : Compact ( shaft of long bones ) or spongy ( end of long bone ) .
bone is composted of basic units called Osteons or haversian system ( basic unit of compact bone ) which have 4 parts :
Lamellae
Lacunae

Central ( Haverisan ) canal

Two types : continued ?
Spongy bone lacks osteons . Instead , it has columns of bone called trabeculae which contain :
Lamellae
Osteocytes

Canaliculi

bone :
- Bone cells ( osteoblasts ) make new bone . They become encased in a calcified cartilage matrix and become osteocytes
- Specialized bone cells called osteoclasts digest bone tissue to allow for growth and modification

muscle tissue :
Muscle tissue consists of specialized cells that contract when stimulated .

The body has three types of muscle tissue :
Skeletal ( voluntary )
Cardiac ( involuntary )
Smooth muscle ( involuntary )

- Nervous tissue contains specialized cells that conduct impulses .
Neurons are conducting cells . They transmit impulses from one region of the body to another .
are nonconducting cells . They are a type of nervous system connective tissue .

There are three types of neurons , classified by polarity :
: dendrite and axon on the same end
Bipolar : dendrite and axon on opposite ends
Multi - polar : multiple dendrites

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