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Keomeni Golden
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agriculture religious America gathering hunting 1500's Mississippian mounds Woodland 800 Europeans towns Trade DeSoto's Creek Cherokee rivers

Though three prehistoric American Indian cultures ( the Paleo , Archaic and ) lived in southeastern
North before 800 CE , it was the American Indians who were living in Georgia when
the , specifically the Spanish , arrived in the mid - . The Mississippians rose to dominance
about CE and organized themselves into a very complex ? chiefdom ? society . This structured hierarchical
society was comprised by a small number of ? elites ? ( the power holders ) and the majority were ? commoners ?
( the work force ) . The Mississippians created large near that featured a central plaza , residential
zones and defense structures ( palisades , guard towers and moats ) . The focus of the plaza was the earthen
, dedicated to and social activity though
some served as cemeteries . Thousands of families lived in
these towns . One - room wattle and daub shelters ( walls
built of a network of interwoven sticks and covered with
mud or clay ) served as sleeping facilities as they usually
spent their days in the open . A widespread trade network
connected Mississippian towns . with other towns
consisted of raw materials as well as finished goods ,
including shell beads , pottery with abstract images , and
stone tools . Early Mississippians practiced horticulture
( garden cultivation ) and eventually moved into large scale
as their population swelled . Initially , maize
( corn ) was their dominant crop and they eventually added
squash , sunflowers , pumpkins , and beans . Unlike today's
farmers , the Mississippians did not plant fields of individual crops . Instead , the fields were intermixed with a variety of plants . Tall corn stalks provided a shield against damaging sun rays for ground level crops .
Tobacco was planted for ritual usage . They did not abandon and , however . Using bows and
arrows and chert ( sedimentary rock ) knives , bone evidence indicates that they hunted deer , rabbit , muskrat ,
beaver , raccoon , and turkey . Turtle and fish were also a part of their diet . They gathered seasonal fruits ,
including plums , grapes , blackberries , and raspberries as well as a variety of nuts . The Mississippians
improved on the stone tools of previous cultures to use in hunting , farming , and human conflict . After
interacting with the Spanish under Hernando leadership in the mid - 1500's , many Mississippians
succumbed to disease and the group eventually reorganized into the historic tribes of the and the
.