These are possible because of the movement of the Earth around the Sun.
It rotates from the West to East
In some places, solar radiation is more direct.
Water has more capacity of absorb temperate, so it has a better climate.
The earth makes a complete turn on its own axis.
Sun's rays affect each hemisphere differently through the year.
It makes possible the four seasons, specially in the temperate zones.
Unequal warming of the earth's surface
There are: one warm zone, two temperate zones and two cold zones.
Mountains cause hot air masses to cool down.
This process takes 23 h and 56 min.