PharmacognosyVersión en línea Review of Pharmacognosy's 1st semester por Ángela Sanjurjo Añíbarro 1 Terpenes are… a Secondary metabolite synthesized by mevalonic pathway. b Compounds derived from the condensation of a variable number of isoprene units. c Referred as terpenoids because normally contain C, H and O. d All of them are correct 2 Sometimes it is difficult to identify the isoprene structure because… a The biosynthesis of terpenoids occurs in several stages b Sometimes they are highly modified compounds c Terpenoids are classified according to the number of isoprene units d It is possible to describe the addition of isoprene units using the terms head-to-tail or tail-to-tail in the same molecule 3 Regarding essential oils… a They are complex oily mixtures containing only aromatic compounds. b Sometimes they may be confused with other substances such as gums or resins c The most procedure for their obtention is steam distillation d They have high molecular weight 4 Irioids are… a Diterpenes derived from cyclopentanpyran skeleton b Can be produced by ants (genus Iridomyrmex) as a defensive secretion c They can be found as glycosides and esters but never as polycyclic compounds. d There's never a C atom lost in the structure (as for example in the Harpagophytum root). 5 Endocannabioids… a Are fatty acid derivatives b Have a phenolic portion and a side chain (formed through 2 Acetyl-Co A units) c All endocannabioids that have been described (around 60) are phenolic monoterpenes d The options a) and c) are correct 6 Cannabis sativa plant… a Contains only 50 different types of cannabinoids b Some of the cannabinoids are lipophilic but others are water-soluble c The most important cannabioids are: THC, CBD and CBN d None of the cannabinoids contained in the plant are volatile 7 Which of the following cannabinoid-containing crude drugs is NOT correct? a Leaves of Cannabis sativa b Male inflorescence of Cannabis sativa c Root of cannabis sativa d None of the options are correct 8 We know that Cannabioids bind to CB1 and CB2 receptors, but which of the following statements is the correct one: a The concentration of CB1 receptors in the body, is lower than other receptors (noradrenergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors). b The concentration of CB1 receptors in the body, is higher than other receptors (noradrenergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors). c CB1 receptors are in the peripherial NS d The concentration of CB2 receptors in the body, is higher than other receptors (noradrenergic, dopaminergic and opioid receptors). 9 Protosteryl cation… a If formed by means of the cyclase intervention and adopts a chair-chair chair-boat conformation b From this cation, only cycloartenol is obtained c They are still considered triterpenes. d All of them are correct 10 Saponins… a Secondary metabolites derived from squalene that produce foam when shaken b Are not glycosides c The crude drug is always the root. d are extracted by S/L extraction with DCM 11 According to what we studied about purification and isolation of saponins, we know that: a It is a Liquid-Liquid process performed with butanol b Diethyl ether can be used to precipitate them c Gel filtration, Partition and Ion exchange are different techniques to isolate them d All of them are correct 12 Which of the statements about cardioactive glycosides is NOT correct… a Come from mevalonic acid pathway b They are not soluble in water c They are weak molecules due to the presence of the lactone ring d The biogenetic precursor is called Pregnane 13 Which of the following colour reactions of the sugars is NOT correct… a Molish reaction b Keller-killiani reaction c Pesez reaction d Liebermann reaction 14 Molish reaction... a Uses alpha-napthtol and NaOH b Is specific of cardiotonic glycosides c Is a coloured reaction of steroid nucleus d Is a general characterization reaction of sugars
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