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Grammar - Storytelling

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Slides to explain the grammatical structure of present simple, present continuous, present perfect, past simple, past continuous, past perfect. Also the structure of a story and the elements.

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Grammar - Storytelling Versión en línea

Slides to explain the grammatical structure of present simple, present continuous, present perfect, past simple, past continuous, past perfect. Also the structure of a story and the elements.

por Angie Cifuentes Bustos
1

COVER

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PRESENT SIMPLE

PRESENT SIMPLE

We use the simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when it happens regularly, also to talk about habitual actions or occurrences.

Structure:

Affirmative

Pronoun + verb + complement

Example: He plays football on Tuesdays.


Negative

Pronoun + do/does-not + verb + complement

Example: He does not play football on Tuesdays

 

Interrogative

Do-does + pronoun + verb + complement +?

Example: Does he play football on Tuesdays? 

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DO AND DOES

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VERBS

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PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Used for actions happening now or for an action that is unfinished and when the action is temporary.

Structure:

Affirmative

Pronoun + is, are, am + verb-ing + complement

Example: He is playing football now.

 

Negative

Pronoun + is, are, am-not + verb-ing + complement

Example: He is not playing football now.

 

Interrogative

Is, are, am + pronoun + verb-ing + complement +?

Example: Is he playing football now?

 

6

PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT 

Refers to an action or state that either occurred at an indefinite time in the past or began in the past and continued to the present time.

Structure:

Affirmative

Pronoun + have/has + verb in past participle + complement

Example: He has played football this morning.  

 

Negative

Pronoun + have/has-not + verb in past participle + complement

Example: He has not played this morning.  

 

Interrogative

Have/has + pronoun + verb in past participle + complement +?

Example: Has he played football this morning?

 

 

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PAST SIMPLE

PAST SIMPLE

Used to talk about things that happened or existed before now.

Structure:

Affirmative

Pronoun + verb (past form) + complement

Example: He played football yesterday.

 

Negative

Pronoun + did-not + verb + complement

Example: He did not play football yesterday.

 

Interrogative

Did + pronoun + verb + complement +?

Example: Did he play football yesterday?

 

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REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS

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PAST CONTINUOUS

PAST CONTINUOUS 

Used to talk about past events that happened over a period, the simple past tense emphasizes that the action is finished.

Structure:

Affirmative

Pronoun + was/were + verb-ing + complement

Example: He was playing football.

 

Negative

Pronoun + was/were-not + verb-ing + complement

Example: He was not playing football.

 

Interrogative

Was/were + Pronoun + verb-ing + complement +?

Example: Was he playing football ?

 

 

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PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT

Used to talk about something that happened before another action in the past, which is usually expressed by the past simple

Structure:

Affirmative

Pronoun + had + verb in past participle + complement

Example: He had played football yesterday.  

 

Negative

Pronoun + had-not + verb in past participle + complement

Example: He had not played yesterday. 

 

Interrogative

Had + Pronoun + verb in past participle + Complement +?

Example: Had he played football yesterday?

 

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STORY

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STRUCTURE

STRUCTURE

Beginning

In the Beginning you introduce the reader to the setting, the characters and the situation (conflict) they find themselves in and their goal.

 

Middle

In the Middle the story develops through a series of complications and obstacles, each leading to a mini crisis. Though each of these crises are temporarily resolved, the story leads inevitably to an ultimate crisis—the Climax.

 

End

In the End, the Climax and the loose ends of the story are resolved during the Denouement. Tension rapidly dissipates because it's nearly impossible to sustain a reader's interest very long after the climax. 

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ELEMENTS

ELEMENTS

Characters

The characters are the individuals that the story is about. The author should introduce the characters in the story with enough information that the reader can visualize each person.This is achieved by providing detailed descriptions of a character’s physical attributes and personality traits. Every story should have a main character. The main character determines the way the plot will develop and is usually who will solve the problem the story centers upon. However, the other characters are also very important because they supply additional details, explanations, or actions.

 

Setting

The setting is the location of the action. an author should describe the environment or surroundings of the story in such detail that the reader feels that he or she can picture the scene. unusual settings (such as a fantasy world) can be interesting, but everyday settings can help a reader to better visualize the story and feel connected to the plot!

 

Plot

The plot is the actual story around which the entire book is based. a plot should have a very clear beginning, middle, and end—with all the necessary descriptions and suspense,called exposition—so that the reader can make sense of the action and follow along from start to finish.

 

Conflict

Every story has a conflict to solve. the plot is centered on this conflict and the ways in which the characters attempt to resolve the problem. when the story’s action becomes most exciting, right before the resolution, it is called the climax.

 

Resolution

The solution to the problem is the way the action is resolved. for example, Katie often resolves a conflict by finding a compromise for two fighting characters or helping fix any mistakes she made while switcherooed into someone else. it is important that the resolution fit the rest of the story in tone and creativity and solve all parts of the conflict.

 

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VIDEO EXAMPLE OF A STORY