Lesson 2.4 Slides: Exploring Valence Electrons and the Periodic Table

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Learn about valence electrons and how to locate elements by groups and periods.

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Eric D Norman

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Lesson 2.4 Slides: Exploring Valence Electrons and the Periodic TableVersión en línea Learn about valence electrons and how to locate elements by groups and periods. por Eric D Norman 1 Introduction to Valence Electrons Valence electrons are the electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom. They play a crucial role in chemical bonding and reactions. Key points: Determine an element's reactivity. Influence the formation of molecules. Help predict the type of bonds an element can form. 2 Understanding the Periodic Table The Periodic Table organizes elements based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. It consists of: Groups: Vertical columns that share similar properties. Periods: Horizontal rows that indicate the number of electron shells. 3 Identifying Groups in the Periodic Table Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which leads to similar chemical behaviors. Examples of groups: Group 1: Alkali metals (1 valence electron) Group 2: Alkaline earth metals (2 valence electrons) Group 17: Halogens (7 valence electrons) Group 18: Noble gases (8 valence electrons) 4 Understanding Periods in the Periodic Table The periods indicate the number of electron shells an element has. As you move across a period, the number of valence electrons increases. Characteristics of periods: Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells. Properties change progressively across a period. 5 Trends in Valence Electrons As you move across a period: The number of valence electrons increases. Elements become less metallic and more non-metallic. As you move down a group: The number of electron shells increases. Valence electrons remain the same, but properties change.