Instrumentation II (2/3)

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Joshua Liberty

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Instrumentation II (2/3)Versión en línea Multiple choice por Joshua Liberty 1 Thicker camera crystals have better? a Sensitivity b Spatial resolution c Sensitivity and Spatial resolution d None listed 2 Resolution in a collimator can be increased by? a Using many more smaller holes b Using longer holes c Increasing diameter of each hole d Using many more smaller holes; using longer holes e All listed 3 Edge packing may be masked by a? a Lead ring in collimator b Limiting FOV electronically c Lead ring in collimator and Limiting FOV electronically d None of these 4 Once acquired and electronically stored. the image is displayed using a ____ to represent the # of counts in each? a PMT; collimator hole b PMT; FOV c Filter; pixel d Color scale: pixel 5 A bad flood is seen (field uniformity) on a gamma camera. The first thing that should be checked is? a PMT voltage b Photopeak c Pre-amp d Appropriate collimator is on camera 6 A pixel reaches 256 counts in byte mode. What may happen is? a System continues acquiring until 65535 counts b System stops acquiring in that pixel c System stops image acquisition altogether d System stops acquiring in that pixel and System stops image acquisition altogether e None listed 7 The main determinant of septal thickness is the? a Counts acquired b Energy of the radionuclide c Thickness of the crystal d Hole length 8 Star artifacts can occur when a high energy radionuclide is concentrated in? a A small volume b The collimator c The crystal d Scattered gamma rays 9 A tech has to image the liver on an older small 10 in FOV camera; the best collimator would be? a Converging b LEAP c Diverging d Pinhole 10 Fan beam collimators have holes that _____ along one axis but are ___ in the other axis. a Decrease size; converging b Converge; perpendicular c Converge; parallel d Diverge; parallel 11 The only ways to decrease background due to biodistribution of the Rphx include? a A narrower PHW b Use of a LEHR collimator c Choosing a different Rphx d Use of a LEHR collimator; choosing a different Rphx e None listed 12 The main determinant of intrinsic sensitivity is? a Crystal thickness b Collimator hole diameter c Collimator hole length d Pulse height window used e None listed 13 The main determinant of extrinsic sensitivity is? a Crystal thickness b Collimator c # of counts acquired d Pulse height window used 14 A test is done with a source and phantom with 1mm wide slits. This is called ? a Flood b COR c LSF d Bar phantom test 15 How rapidly counts are changing from point to point in an image is called? a SNR b Modulation c LSF d Frequency 16 The ability of a gamma camera to reproduce the details of a nonuniform radioactive distribution is? a Uniformity b Spatial resolution c Sensitivity d LSF 17 The best way to decrease noise is to? a Use a narrow PHW b Use a LEHR collimator c Use a collimator with longer holes d Acquire the image for more time to get more counts. e None of these 18 In the past, flood field nonuniformity was though to arise primarily from? a PMT voltage variations b Differences in sensitivity across the crystal face c Dead time d Edge packing 19 During intrinsic testing, the point source is positioned at a distance usually ____ times the max dimensions of the camera's useful FOV. a 3 b 8 c 5 d 2 20 Multipeak isotopes need superimposable images from different energy photopeak windows. The QC test for this is? a COR b Uniformity c MWSR d Normalization e Sensitivity 21 The QC phantom that allows for assessment of spatial resolution, linearity, and spatial distortion with 2 transmission images acquired at an angle of 90 degrees relative to each other is called? a OH b Hine Duley c PLES d LSF e 4 Quadrant 22 Which QC phantom allows assessment of spatial resolution, linearity, and spatial distortion in a single image? a Orthogonal hole b Hine Duley c PLES d LSF e 4 Quadrant 23 PET Blank scans are done? a Weekly b Annualy c Monthly d Daily 24 PET normalization QC is done? a Quarterly b Monthly c Annually d After well counter calibration 25 PET ______ Q/C is much like a high count flood in a scintillation gamma camera. a Gain settings b Energy window calibration c Blank scan d Normalization 26 Measles is caused by? a Using too small a matrix size b Source too close to crystal on flood c Moisture entering the crystal container d Bad floods 27 What method is used to see or diagnose the measles pattern? a Off peak low imaging b Off peak high imaging c Bar phantom test d COR 28 Define integral uniformity? a Uniformity in CFOV b Extrinsic uniformity c Change in count/pixel values over short segments of usually 5 pixels each d Largest variation (max-min) in counts over the useful FOV 29 Define differential uniformity? a Uniformity in CFOV b Extrinsic uniformity c Change in count/pixel values over short segments of usually 5 pixels each d Largest variation (max-min) in counts over the useful FOV 30 In Absolute Activity Well Counter Calibration, the phantom is imaged, reconstructed, and processed into a set of correction factors that allows the conversion of a patient scan into a representation of the ____ per ______. a Vol; Voxel b uCi; mL in smaple c % of injected dose; vol or gm of tissue d Voxels; vol or gm of tissue 31 What causes bull's eye pattern or circular SPECT artifacts (as it relates to QC) a Off COR b Bad floods or poor uniformity c AOR issues d Nonlinearities 32 A camera sensitivity test is performed. The mean of 10 measurements is completed. The sensitivity is calculated by? a Source activity in uCi - mean counts per min-background counts b Source activity in uCi divided by mean counts per min background counts per min c Mean counts per min - background counts per min divided by source activity in uCi d None of these 33 Edge packing is caused by? a Internal reflection of light at the crystal edge b Lack of PMTs further than the crystal edge c Internal reflection of light at the crystal edge and Lack of PMTs further than the crystal edge d None listed

Instrumentation II (2/3)Versión en línea

Multiple choice

por Joshua Liberty

Thicker camera crystals have better?

Sensitivity

Spatial resolution

Sensitivity and Spatial resolution

None listed

Resolution in a collimator can be increased by?

Using many more smaller holes

Using longer holes

Increasing diameter of each hole

Using many more smaller holes; using longer holes

All listed

Edge packing may be masked by a?

Lead ring in collimator

Limiting FOV electronically

Lead ring in collimator and Limiting FOV electronically

None of these

Once acquired and electronically stored. the image is displayed using a ____ to represent the # of counts in each?

PMT; collimator hole

PMT; FOV

Filter; pixel

Color scale: pixel

A bad flood is seen (field uniformity) on a gamma camera. The first thing that should be checked is?

PMT voltage

Photopeak

Pre-amp

Appropriate collimator is on camera

A pixel reaches 256 counts in byte mode. What may happen is?

System continues acquiring until 65535 counts

System stops acquiring in that pixel

System stops image acquisition altogether

System stops acquiring in that pixel and System stops image acquisition altogether

None listed

The main determinant of septal thickness is the?

Counts acquired

Energy of the radionuclide

Thickness of the crystal

Hole length

Star artifacts can occur when a high energy radionuclide is concentrated in?

A small volume

The collimator

The crystal

Scattered gamma rays

A tech has to image the liver on an older small 10 in FOV camera; the best collimator would be?

Converging

LEAP

Diverging

Pinhole

Fan beam collimators have holes that ___ along one axis but are _ in the other axis.

Decrease size; converging

Converge; perpendicular

Converge; parallel

Diverge; parallel

The only ways to decrease background due to biodistribution of the Rphx include?

A narrower PHW

Use of a LEHR collimator

Choosing a different Rphx

Use of a LEHR collimator; choosing a different Rphx

None listed

The main determinant of intrinsic sensitivity is?

Crystal thickness

Collimator hole diameter

Collimator hole length

Pulse height window used

None listed

The main determinant of extrinsic sensitivity is?

Crystal thickness

Collimator

# of counts acquired

Pulse height window used

A test is done with a source and phantom with 1mm wide slits. This is called ?

Flood

COR

LSF

Bar phantom test

How rapidly counts are changing from point to point in an image is called?

SNR

Modulation

LSF

Frequency

The ability of a gamma camera to reproduce the details of a nonuniform radioactive distribution is?

Uniformity

Spatial resolution

Sensitivity

LSF

The best way to decrease noise is to?

Use a narrow PHW

Use a LEHR collimator

Use a collimator with longer holes

Acquire the image for more time to get more counts.

None of these

In the past, flood field nonuniformity was though to arise primarily from?

PMT voltage variations

Differences in sensitivity across the crystal face

Dead time

Edge packing

During intrinsic testing, the point source is positioned at a distance usually ____ times the max dimensions of the camera's useful FOV.

Multipeak isotopes need superimposable images from different energy photopeak windows. The QC test for this is?

COR

Uniformity

MWSR

Normalization

Sensitivity

The QC phantom that allows for assessment of spatial resolution, linearity, and spatial distortion with 2 transmission images acquired at an angle of 90 degrees relative to each other is called?

Hine Duley

PLES

LSF

4 Quadrant

Which QC phantom allows assessment of spatial resolution, linearity, and spatial distortion in a single image?

Orthogonal hole

Hine Duley

PLES

LSF

4 Quadrant

PET Blank scans are done?

Weekly

Annualy

Monthly

Daily

PET normalization QC is done?

Quarterly

Monthly

Annually

After well counter calibration

PET ______ Q/C is much like a high count flood in a scintillation gamma camera.

Gain settings

Energy window calibration

Blank scan

Normalization

Measles is caused by?

Using too small a matrix size

Source too close to crystal on flood

Moisture entering the crystal container

Bad floods

What method is used to see or diagnose the measles pattern?

Off peak low imaging

Off peak high imaging

Bar phantom test

COR

Define integral uniformity?

Uniformity in CFOV

Extrinsic uniformity

Change in count/pixel values over short segments of usually 5 pixels each

Largest variation (max-min) in counts over the useful FOV

Define differential uniformity?

Uniformity in CFOV

Extrinsic uniformity

Change in count/pixel values over short segments of usually 5 pixels each

Largest variation (max-min) in counts over the useful FOV

In Absolute Activity Well Counter Calibration, the phantom is imaged, reconstructed, and processed into a set of correction factors that allows the conversion of a patient scan into a representation of the per __.

Vol; Voxel

uCi; mL in smaple

% of injected dose; vol or gm of tissue

Voxels; vol or gm of tissue

What causes bull's eye pattern or circular SPECT artifacts (as it relates to QC)

Off COR

Bad floods or poor uniformity

AOR issues

Nonlinearities

A camera sensitivity test is performed. The mean of 10 measurements is completed. The sensitivity is calculated by?

Source activity in uCi - mean counts per min-background counts

Source activity in uCi divided by mean counts per min background counts per min

Mean counts per min - background counts per min divided by source activity in uCi

None of these

Edge packing is caused by?

Internal reflection of light at the crystal edge

Lack of PMTs further than the crystal edge

Internal reflection of light at the crystal edge and Lack of PMTs further than the crystal edge

None listed

Instrumentation II (2/3)

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