Test: Physiological Psychology


Physiological PsychologyVersión en línea Quiz one terms por Ashley Bookbinder 1 Define dorsal a Toward the back side of the body b Toward the left side of the body c Toward the front side of the body d Toward the right side of the body 2 Define ventral a Toward the back side b Toward the stomach side c Toward the rear d Toward the front 3 Define anterior a Toward the left b Toward the stomach c Toward the rear d Toward the front 4 Define posterior a Toward the right b Toward the stomach c Toward the rear d Toward the left 5 Define superior a Above another structure b Below another structure c Toward the rear d Toward the back 6 Define inferior a Above another structure b Toward the rear c Below another structure d Toward the front 7 Define lateral a Toward the front b Toward the side c Toward the rear d Toward the stomach 8 Define medial a Toward the side b Toward the rear c Toward the stomach d Toward the middle 9 Define forebrain a Top part of the brain; Contains the two cerebral hemispheres- the thalamus and the hypothalamus b Middle part of the brain, consisting of the tectum (roof) on the dorsal side and the tegmentum on the ventral side. c The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure. d The bottom part of the brain, composed of the pons, medulla, and the cerebellum. 10 Define midbrain a The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure. b The bottom part of the brain, composed of the pons, medulla, and the cerebellum. c Top part of the brain; Contains the two cerebral hemispheres- the thalamus and the hypothalamus d Middle part of the brain, consisting of the tectum (roof) on the dorsal side and the tegmentum on the ventral side. 11 Define hindbrain a Middle part of the brain, consisting of the tectum (roof) on the dorsal side and the tegmentum on the ventral side. b Top part of the brain; Contains the two cerebral hemispheres- the thalamus and the hypothalamus c The bottom part of the brain, composed of the pons, medulla, and the cerebellum. d The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure. 12 Define frontal lobe a The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure. b The part of each cerebral hemisphere located above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe; it contains the somatosensory cortex and visual association areas. c The most posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere and the location of the visual cortex. d The part of each cerebral hemisphere vental to the lateral fissure; it contains the auditory cortex, visual and auditory association areas, Wernicke's area, and structures involved in learning and memory. 13 Define parietal lobe a The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure. b The most posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere and the location of the visual cortex. c The part of each cerebral hemisphere vental to the lateral fissure; it contains the auditory cortex, visual and auditory association areas, Wernicke's area, and structures involved in learning and memory. d The part of each cerebral hemisphere located above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe; it contains the somatosensory cortex and visual association areas. 14 Define occipital lobe a The part of each cerebral hemisphere located above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe; it contains the somatosensory cortex and visual association areas. b The most posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere and the location of the visual cortex. c The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure. d The part of each cerebral hemisphere vental to the lateral fissure; it contains the auditory cortex, visual and auditory association areas, Wernicke's area, and structures involved in learning and memory. 15 define temporal lobe a The part of each cerebral hemisphere ventral to the lateral fissure; it contains the auditory cortex, visual and auditory association areas, Wernicke's area, and structures involved in learning and memory. b The most posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere and the location of the visual cortex. c The part of each cerebral hemisphere located above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe; it contains the somatosensory cortex and visual association areas. d The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure. 16 Define cerebral cortex a The inner layer of your brain. Carries out non-essential functions of your brain b The outer layer of your brain's surface, located on top of the cerebrum. Carries out essential functions like memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, consciousness, and sensory functions. c The middle part of your brain d The part of your brain where the cerebrum is located 17 Define motor cortex a The outer layer of your brain's surface, located on top of the cerebrum. Carries out essential functions like memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, consciousness, and sensory functions. b The idea that the mind and body consist of the same substance c A neuron that carries commands to the muscles and organs d The area in the frontal lobes that controls voluntary (nonreflexive) body movements. 18 Define somatosensory cortex a The idea that visual cortical cells do a Fourier frequency analysis of the luminosity variations in a scene b The area in the frontal lobes that controls voluntary (nonreflexive) body movements c The area in the parietal lobes that processes the skin senses and the senses that inform us about body position and movement, or proprioception d The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information into the central nervous system and motor command from the CNS to the skeletal muscles 19 Define visual cortex a A membrane-enclosed container that stores neurotransmitter in the neuron terminal b The ability to distinguish visual details c The part of each occipital lobe where visual information is processed d The part of the environment that is being registered on the retina 20 Define auditory cortex a The area of the cortex on the superior temporal gyrus, which is the primary projection for auditory information b The part of each occipital lobe where visual information is processed c A sound that we recognize as having an identity that is distinct from other sounds d The brain's means of allocating its limited resources by focusing on some neural inputs to the exclusion of others 21 Define prefrontal cortex a The area of the cortex on the superior temporal gyrus, which is the primary projection area for auditory information b The gyrus anterior to, and extending the length of, the central sulcus; the location of the primary motor cortex c An area anterior to the primary motor cortex that combinds information from the prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex and begins the programming of a movement d The most anterior cortex of the frontal lobes; involved in working memory, planning and organization of behavior in response to its consequences. 22 Define association areas a Cortical areas that carry out further processing beyond what the primary projection area does, often combining information from other senses. b The brains means of allocating its limited resources by focusing on some neural inputs to the exclusion of others c A structure in the hypothalamus that monitors the body's nutrient condition and regulates eating behavior d A part of the limbic system important in attention, decision making, impulse control, emotion, and possibly consciousness 23 Define inferior temporal cortex a The part of the tectum in the brain stem that is involved in auditory functions, such as locating the direction of sounds b An area in the lower part of the temporal lobe that plays a major role in the visual identification of objects c A theory that recognizes that people are motivated by external stimuli, not just internal needs d A hyperpolarization of the dendrites and cell body, which makes a neuron less likely to fire 24 Define broca's area a The area anterior to the precentral gyrus that sends output to the facial motor area to produce speech and also provides grammatical structure to language b The strong contractile tissues that make up the heart c The membrane in the cochlea that separates the cochlear canal from the tympanic canal d The area of cortex on the superior temporal gyrus, which is the primary projection area for auditory information 25 Define Wernicke's area a The area anterior to the precentral gyrus that sends output to the facial motor area to produce speech and also provides grammatical structure to language b A brain area just posterior to the auditory cortex that interprets spoken and written language input and generates spoken and written language c Language impairment resulting from damage; person has difficulty understanding and producing spoken and written language d A form of short-term memory that provides a temporary register for information while it is being used 26 Define limbic system a a nucleus of the hypothalamus that initiates eating and controls several aspects of feeding behavior and metabolic responses b the part of the amygdala that apparently responds to sexually exciting stimuli c The idea that specific parts of the brain carry out specific functions d A group of forbrain structures arranged around the upper brain stem that have roles in emotion, motivated behavior, and learning 27 Define thalamus a undifferentiated cells that can develop into specialized cells b The structure running along each side of the spine through which most sympathetic neurons pass c a forbrain structure lying just below the lateral ventricles, which receives information from all sensory systems except olfaction and relays it to the respective cortical projection areas d The structure in which a neuron passes electrical or chemical signals to another neuron, muscles, or organ 28 Define hypothalamus a a subcortical structure in the forebrain just below the thalamus that plays a major role in controlling emotion and motivated behaviors, such as eating, drinking, and sexual activity b a group of structures that helps the body cope with stress c the part of the tectum in the brain stem that is involved in auditory functions, such as locating the direction of sounds d an area in the lower part of the temporal lobe that plays a major role in the visual identification of objects 29 Define hippocampus a a brain network that controls attention and working memory b the part of the nervous system made up the brain and spinal cord c a neural network that produces a rhythmic pattern of motor activity d a complex brain structure embedded deep in the temporal lobe. It has a major role in learning and memory 30 Define amygdala a the lower part of the hindbrain b a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that induces sleepiness c a limblic system structure located near the lateral ventricle in each temporal lobe that is involved with a variety of emotions, especially fear and anxiety, and with sexual behavior, aggression, and learning d a three-layered membrane that encloses and protects the brain 31 Define pituitary gland a a term referring to a neuron that transmits to another neuron b a small pea sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing c an endocrine gland located in the posterior aspect of the cranial fossa in the brain d a part of the brain stem that contains centers related to sleep and arousal 32 Define corpus callosum a a study in which the researcher does not control an independent variable b the largest of the groups of neurons connecting the two cerebral hemispheres c portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes that are active when the brain is at rest d extentions that branch out from the neuron cells body and receive information from other neurons 33 Define cerebellum a the large, wrinkled structures that are the dorsal or superior part of the brain b the groove between the precentral gyrus and the postcentral gyrus c A structure in the hindbrain that contributes the order of muscular contractions and their precise timing to intend movements and helps maintain posture and balance d a term referring to symptoms that develop gradually 34 Define medulla Choose one or more answers a a receptor on a neuron membrane that opens ion channels slowly b a three-layered membrane that encloses and protects the brain c a nucleus of the hypothalamus that initiates drinking in response to osmotic and volumetric deficits d The lower part of the hindbrain; its nuclei are involved with control of essential life processes 35 Define pons a a term referring to a neuron that transmits to another neuron b a term referring to a neuron that receives transmission from another neuron c a part of the brain stem that contains centers related to sleep and arousal d toward the rear 36 Define nucleus accumbens a A forebrain structure that is part of the mesolimbocortical dopamine system and a potent center for reward b a gene on chromosome 6 that causes obesity c impairment of the ability to recognize objects visually d the most posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere and the location of the visual cortex 37 Define ventral tegmental area a the branch of each spinal nerve through which motor neurons exist b a part of the mesolimbocortical dopamine system, which sends neurons to the nucleus accumbens and is a potent reward area c toward the stomach side d cavities in the brain filled with cerebrospinal fluid 38 Define substantia nigra a above another structure b one of the structures bordering the third ventricle that increases drinking when stimulated c a shallow groove or space between two gyri, not as deep as a fissure d The nuclus that sends dopamine-releasing neurons to the striatum and that deteriorates in Parkinson's disease 39 Define reticular formation a the process of accessing stored memories b a shift in neural connections that changes the function of an area in the brain c a collection of more than 90 nuclei running through the middle of the hindbrain and the midbrain with roles in sleep and arousal, attention, reflexes, and muscle tone d the structure at the rear of the eye which is made up of light sensitive receptor cells

1

Define dorsal

a

Toward the back side of the body

b

Toward the left side of the body

c

Toward the front side of the body

d

Toward the right side of the body

2

Define ventral

a

Toward the back side

b

Toward the stomach side

c

Toward the rear

d

Toward the front

3

Define anterior

a

Toward the left

b

Toward the stomach

c

Toward the rear

d

Toward the front

4

Define posterior

a

Toward the right

b

Toward the stomach

c

Toward the rear

d

Toward the left

5

Define superior

a

Above another structure

b

Below another structure

c

Toward the rear

d

Toward the back

6

Define inferior

a

Above another structure

b

Toward the rear

c

Below another structure

d

Toward the front

7

Define lateral

a

Toward the front

b

Toward the side

c

Toward the rear

d

Toward the stomach

8

Define medial

a

Toward the side

b

Toward the rear

c

Toward the stomach

d

Toward the middle

9

Define forebrain

a

Top part of the brain; Contains the two cerebral hemispheres- the thalamus and the hypothalamus

b

Middle part of the brain, consisting of the tectum (roof) on the dorsal side and the tegmentum on the ventral side.

c

The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure.

d

The bottom part of the brain, composed of the pons, medulla, and the cerebellum.

10

Define midbrain

a

The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure.

b

The bottom part of the brain, composed of the pons, medulla, and the cerebellum.

c

Top part of the brain; Contains the two cerebral hemispheres- the thalamus and the hypothalamus

d

Middle part of the brain, consisting of the tectum (roof) on the dorsal side and the tegmentum on the ventral side.

11

Define hindbrain

a

Middle part of the brain, consisting of the tectum (roof) on the dorsal side and the tegmentum on the ventral side.

b

Top part of the brain; Contains the two cerebral hemispheres- the thalamus and the hypothalamus

c

The bottom part of the brain, composed of the pons, medulla, and the cerebellum.

d

The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure.

12

Define frontal lobe

a

The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure.

b

The part of each cerebral hemisphere located above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe; it contains the somatosensory cortex and visual association areas.

c

The most posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere and the location of the visual cortex.

d

The part of each cerebral hemisphere vental to the lateral fissure; it contains the auditory cortex, visual and auditory association areas, Wernicke's area, and structures involved in learning and memory.

13

Define parietal lobe

a

The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure.

b

The most posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere and the location of the visual cortex.

c

The part of each cerebral hemisphere vental to the lateral fissure; it contains the auditory cortex, visual and auditory association areas, Wernicke's area, and structures involved in learning and memory.

d

The part of each cerebral hemisphere located above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe; it contains the somatosensory cortex and visual association areas.

14

Define occipital lobe

a

The part of each cerebral hemisphere located above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe; it contains the somatosensory cortex and visual association areas.

b

The most posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere and the location of the visual cortex.

c

The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure.

d

The part of each cerebral hemisphere vental to the lateral fissure; it contains the auditory cortex, visual and auditory association areas, Wernicke's area, and structures involved in learning and memory.

15

define temporal lobe

a

The part of each cerebral hemisphere ventral to the lateral fissure; it contains the auditory cortex, visual and auditory association areas, Wernicke's area, and structures involved in learning and memory.

b

The most posterior part of each cerebral hemisphere and the location of the visual cortex.

c

The part of each cerebral hemisphere located above the lateral fissure and between the central sulcus and the occipital lobe; it contains the somatosensory cortex and visual association areas.

d

The area of each cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus and superior to the lateral fissure.

16

Define cerebral cortex

a

The inner layer of your brain. Carries out non-essential functions of your brain

b

The outer layer of your brain's surface, located on top of the cerebrum. Carries out essential functions like memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, consciousness, and sensory functions.

c

The middle part of your brain

d

The part of your brain where the cerebrum is located

17

Define motor cortex

a

The outer layer of your brain's surface, located on top of the cerebrum. Carries out essential functions like memory, thinking, learning, reasoning, problem-solving, emotions, consciousness, and sensory functions.

b

The idea that the mind and body consist of the same substance

c

A neuron that carries commands to the muscles and organs

d

The area in the frontal lobes that controls voluntary (nonreflexive) body movements.

18

Define somatosensory cortex

a

The idea that visual cortical cells do a Fourier frequency analysis of the luminosity variations in a scene

b

The area in the frontal lobes that controls voluntary (nonreflexive) body movements

c

The area in the parietal lobes that processes the skin senses and the senses that inform us about body position and movement, or proprioception

d

The division of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information into the central nervous system and motor command from the CNS to the skeletal muscles

19

Define visual cortex

a

A membrane-enclosed container that stores neurotransmitter in the neuron terminal

b

The ability to distinguish visual details

c

The part of each occipital lobe where visual information is processed

d

The part of the environment that is being registered on the retina

20

Define auditory cortex

a

The area of the cortex on the superior temporal gyrus, which is the primary projection for auditory information

b

The part of each occipital lobe where visual information is processed

c

A sound that we recognize as having an identity that is distinct from other sounds

d

The brain's means of allocating its limited resources by focusing on some neural inputs to the exclusion of others

21

Define prefrontal cortex

a

The area of the cortex on the superior temporal gyrus, which is the primary projection area for auditory information

b

The gyrus anterior to, and extending the length of, the central sulcus; the location of the primary motor cortex

c

An area anterior to the primary motor cortex that combinds information from the prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex and begins the programming of a movement

d

The most anterior cortex of the frontal lobes; involved in working memory, planning and organization of behavior in response to its consequences.

22

Define association areas

a

Cortical areas that carry out further processing beyond what the primary projection area does, often combining information from other senses.

b

The brains means of allocating its limited resources by focusing on some neural inputs to the exclusion of others

c

A structure in the hypothalamus that monitors the body's nutrient condition and regulates eating behavior

d

A part of the limbic system important in attention, decision making, impulse control, emotion, and possibly consciousness

23

Define inferior temporal cortex

a

The part of the tectum in the brain stem that is involved in auditory functions, such as locating the direction of sounds

b

An area in the lower part of the temporal lobe that plays a major role in the visual identification of objects

c

A theory that recognizes that people are motivated by external stimuli, not just internal needs

d

A hyperpolarization of the dendrites and cell body, which makes a neuron less likely to fire

24

Define broca's area

a

The area anterior to the precentral gyrus that sends output to the facial motor area to produce speech and also provides grammatical structure to language

b

The strong contractile tissues that make up the heart

c

The membrane in the cochlea that separates the cochlear canal from the tympanic canal

d

The area of cortex on the superior temporal gyrus, which is the primary projection area for auditory information

25

Define Wernicke's area

a

The area anterior to the precentral gyrus that sends output to the facial motor area to produce speech and also provides grammatical structure to language

b

A brain area just posterior to the auditory cortex that interprets spoken and written language input and generates spoken and written language

c

Language impairment resulting from damage; person has difficulty understanding and producing spoken and written language

d

A form of short-term memory that provides a temporary register for information while it is being used

26

Define limbic system

a

a nucleus of the hypothalamus that initiates eating and controls several aspects of feeding behavior and metabolic responses

b

the part of the amygdala that apparently responds to sexually exciting stimuli

c

The idea that specific parts of the brain carry out specific functions

d

A group of forbrain structures arranged around the upper brain stem that have roles in emotion, motivated behavior, and learning

27

Define thalamus

a

undifferentiated cells that can develop into specialized cells

b

The structure running along each side of the spine through which most sympathetic neurons pass

c

a forbrain structure lying just below the lateral ventricles, which receives information from all sensory systems except olfaction and relays it to the respective cortical projection areas

d

The structure in which a neuron passes electrical or chemical signals to another neuron, muscles, or organ

28

Define hypothalamus

a

a subcortical structure in the forebrain just below the thalamus that plays a major role in controlling emotion and motivated behaviors, such as eating, drinking, and sexual activity

b

a group of structures that helps the body cope with stress

c

the part of the tectum in the brain stem that is involved in auditory functions, such as locating the direction of sounds

d

an area in the lower part of the temporal lobe that plays a major role in the visual identification of objects

29

Define hippocampus

a

a brain network that controls attention and working memory

b

the part of the nervous system made up the brain and spinal cord

c

a neural network that produces a rhythmic pattern of motor activity

d

a complex brain structure embedded deep in the temporal lobe. It has a major role in learning and memory

30

Define amygdala

a

the lower part of the hindbrain

b

a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that induces sleepiness

c

a limblic system structure located near the lateral ventricle in each temporal lobe that is involved with a variety of emotions, especially fear and anxiety, and with sexual behavior, aggression, and learning

d

a three-layered membrane that encloses and protects the brain

31

Define pituitary gland

a

a term referring to a neuron that transmits to another neuron

b

a small pea sized gland that plays a major role in regulating vital body functions and general wellbeing

c

an endocrine gland located in the posterior aspect of the cranial fossa in the brain

d

a part of the brain stem that contains centers related to sleep and arousal

32

Define corpus callosum

a

a study in which the researcher does not control an independent variable

b

the largest of the groups of neurons connecting the two cerebral hemispheres

c

portions of the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes that are active when the brain is at rest

d

extentions that branch out from the neuron cells body and receive information from other neurons

33

Define cerebellum

a

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