Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Tendons 2 Bones 3 Marrow 4 Cartilage 5 Fibrous 6 Ligaments 7 Cartilaginous 8 Joints 9 The Skeletal System 10 Synovial Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Solid CT, 206 freely movable joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial 1 Protection 2 Functions of Bone 3 Site of Hematopoiesis 4 Storage 5 Movement 6 Framework guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Long Bones 2 Irregular Bones 3 Flat Bones 4 Short Bones 5 Classification of Bone Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Macroanatomy of Bones 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Epiphyseal Line 4 Epiphysis 5 Articular Cartilage 6 Periosteum 7 Diaphysis tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Cells 2 Inorganic ECM 3 Extracellular Matrix 4 Compact Bone 5 Spongy Bone 6 Osteocytes 7 Osteoblasts 8 Osteoclasts 9 Microanatomy of Bones 10 Organic ECM 11 Osteogenic Cells (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones bone stem cells capable of differentiation Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) break down/resorb bone 2 components: Organic & Inorganic 1 Sutures 2 Synovial Joints 3 Syndesmoses 4 Gomphoses 5 Symphyses 6 Joint (Articulation) 7 Examples of Synovial Joints 8 Synchondroses 9 Cartilaginous Joints 10 Types of Fibrous Joints 11 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 12 Fibrous Joints bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock lock bones together with dense fibers tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other Synchondroses & Symphyses Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck have hyaline cartilage between the bones Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength bones connected by cartilage pads
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