Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Cartilaginous 2 Marrow 3 The Skeletal System 4 Tendons 5 Joints 6 Cartilage 7 Bones 8 Synovial 9 Fibrous 10 Ligaments Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together freely movable joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Solid CT, 206 Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) 1 Framework 2 Storage 3 Protection 4 Functions of Bone 5 Movement 6 Site of Hematopoiesis Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity 1 Classification of Bone 2 Long Bones 3 Flat Bones 4 Short Bones 5 Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs 1 Medullary Cavity 2 Epiphyseal Line 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Articular Cartilage 5 Diaphysis 6 Periosteum 7 Epiphysis remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum 1 Compact Bone 2 Osteoblasts 3 Spongy Bone 4 Osteogenic Cells 5 Microanatomy of Bones 6 Organic ECM 7 Osteoclasts 8 Extracellular Matrix 9 Inorganic ECM 10 Osteocytes 11 Cells Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact break down/resorb bone mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae bone stem cells capable of differentiation (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic 1 Synchondroses 2 Joint (Articulation) 3 Syndesmoses 4 Synovial Joints 5 Cartilaginous Joints 6 Types of Fibrous Joints 7 Sutures 8 Gomphoses 9 Fibrous Joints 10 Symphyses 11 Examples of Synovial Joints 12 Types of Cartilaginous Joints lock bones together with dense fibers bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule bones connected by cartilage pads between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other have hyaline cartilage between the bones allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Synchondroses & Symphyses tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
