Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Bones 2 Ligaments 3 Fibrous 4 The Skeletal System 5 Marrow 6 Joints 7 Cartilage 8 Tendons 9 Cartilaginous 10 Synovial Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow freely movable joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Solid CT, 206 1 Storage 2 Protection 3 Framework 4 Movement 5 Functions of Bone 6 Site of Hematopoiesis guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, 1 Flat Bones 2 Short Bones 3 Irregular Bones 4 Long Bones 5 Classification of Bone Elongated; upper and lower limbs Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Epiphyseal Line 2 Medullary Cavity 3 Articular Cartilage 4 Epiphysis 5 Periosteum 6 Macroanatomy of Bones 7 Diaphysis hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum 1 Inorganic ECM 2 Cells 3 Microanatomy of Bones 4 Spongy Bone 5 Osteocytes 6 Osteogenic Cells 7 Osteoblasts 8 Organic ECM 9 Compact Bone 10 Extracellular Matrix 11 Osteoclasts (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines break down/resorb bone (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae bone stem cells capable of differentiation (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 1 Syndesmoses 2 Synovial Joints 3 Types of Fibrous Joints 4 Gomphoses 5 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 6 Synchondroses 7 Fibrous Joints 8 Symphyses 9 Joint (Articulation) 10 Examples of Synovial Joints 11 Cartilaginous Joints 12 Sutures bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Synchondroses & Symphyses lock bones together with dense fibers Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses have hyaline cartilage between the bones allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength bones connected by cartilage pads fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial
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