Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Ligaments 2 Tendons 3 Marrow 4 The Skeletal System 5 Cartilaginous 6 Synovial 7 Fibrous 8 Bones 9 Cartilage 10 Joints Solid CT, 206 consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial freely movable joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints 1 Storage 2 Functions of Bone 3 Site of Hematopoiesis 4 Framework 5 Movement 6 Protection Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, 1 Classification of Bone 2 Flat Bones 3 Short Bones 4 Irregular Bones 5 Long Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones 1 Macroanatomy of Bones 2 Epiphysis 3 Articular Cartilage 4 Diaphysis 5 Epiphyseal Line 6 Medullary Cavity 7 Periosteum hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends 1 Inorganic ECM 2 Osteoclasts 3 Osteogenic Cells 4 Cells 5 Organic ECM 6 Extracellular Matrix 7 Osteocytes 8 Spongy Bone 9 Osteoblasts 10 Compact Bone 11 Microanatomy of Bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones bone stem cells capable of differentiation Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines break down/resorb bone (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae 1 Synovial Joints 2 Fibrous Joints 3 Sutures 4 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 5 Cartilaginous Joints 6 Examples of Synovial Joints 7 Types of Fibrous Joints 8 Synchondroses 9 Gomphoses 10 Syndesmoses 11 Joint (Articulation) 12 Symphyses Synchondroses & Symphyses Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock have hyaline cartilage between the bones allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones connected by cartilage pads Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck lock bones together with dense fibers bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule
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