Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Fibrous 2 Cartilage 3 Joints 4 Bones 5 Tendons 6 Ligaments 7 The Skeletal System 8 Marrow 9 Cartilaginous 10 Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Solid CT, 206 Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow freely movable joints Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial 1 Site of Hematopoiesis 2 Storage 3 Movement 4 Protection 5 Functions of Bone 6 Framework Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow 1 Classification of Bone 2 Long Bones 3 Flat Bones 4 Irregular Bones 5 Short Bones Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs 1 Medullary Cavity 2 Macroanatomy of Bones 3 Articular Cartilage 4 Periosteum 5 Epiphyseal Line 6 Epiphysis 7 Diaphysis long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum 1 Compact Bone 2 Organic ECM 3 Spongy Bone 4 Osteocytes 5 Osteogenic Cells 6 Osteoclasts 7 Inorganic ECM 8 Cells 9 Extracellular Matrix 10 Microanatomy of Bones 11 Osteoblasts (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines bone stem cells capable of differentiation (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact 2 components: Organic & Inorganic break down/resorb bone 1 Cartilaginous Joints 2 Syndesmoses 3 Sutures 4 Fibrous Joints 5 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 6 Examples of Synovial Joints 7 Gomphoses 8 Types of Fibrous Joints 9 Synchondroses 10 Synovial Joints 11 Symphyses 12 Joint (Articulation) between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) bones connected by cartilage pads Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Synchondroses & Symphyses lock bones together with dense fibers Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock have hyaline cartilage between the bones bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule
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