Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Tendons 2 Cartilaginous 3 Joints 4 Synovial 5 Fibrous 6 Marrow 7 Cartilage 8 The Skeletal System 9 Bones 10 Ligaments Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Solid CT, 206 freely movable joints allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles 1 Functions of Bone 2 Framework 3 Storage 4 Protection 5 Movement 6 Site of Hematopoiesis Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow 1 Flat Bones 2 Irregular Bones 3 Short Bones 4 Long Bones 5 Classification of Bone Elongated; upper and lower limbs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella 1 Periosteum 2 Macroanatomy of Bones 3 Diaphysis 4 Epiphyseal Line 5 Articular Cartilage 6 Epiphysis 7 Medullary Cavity expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults 1 Compact Bone 2 Cells 3 Extracellular Matrix 4 Osteocytes 5 Spongy Bone 6 Osteoblasts 7 Osteogenic Cells 8 Osteoclasts 9 Organic ECM 10 Inorganic ECM 11 Microanatomy of Bones (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) bone stem cells capable of differentiation break down/resorb bone (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines 1 Fibrous Joints 2 Synovial Joints 3 Cartilaginous Joints 4 Synchondroses 5 Syndesmoses 6 Examples of Synovial Joints 7 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 8 Sutures 9 Gomphoses 10 Symphyses 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Joint (Articulation) bones connected by cartilage pads Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other have hyaline cartilage between the bones tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Synchondroses & Symphyses fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock lock bones together with dense fibers allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength
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