Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Ligaments 2 Fibrous 3 Joints 4 Marrow 5 Cartilage 6 Cartilaginous 7 Tendons 8 Bones 9 The Skeletal System 10 Synovial Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Solid CT, 206 Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow freely movable joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial 1 Movement 2 Protection 3 Framework 4 Functions of Bone 5 Storage 6 Site of Hematopoiesis Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow 1 Flat Bones 2 Irregular Bones 3 Long Bones 4 Short Bones 5 Classification of Bone Elongated; upper and lower limbs Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Articular Cartilage 2 Epiphyseal Line 3 Medullary Cavity 4 Diaphysis 5 Periosteum 6 Epiphysis 7 Macroanatomy of Bones hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) 1 Inorganic ECM 2 Microanatomy of Bones 3 Osteoclasts 4 Spongy Bone 5 Compact Bone 6 Osteoblasts 7 Osteocytes 8 Organic ECM 9 Cells 10 Osteogenic Cells 11 Extracellular Matrix Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts break down/resorb bone bone stem cells capable of differentiation build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) 2 components: Organic & Inorganic mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact 1 Examples of Synovial Joints 2 Synchondroses 3 Gomphoses 4 Joint (Articulation) 5 Syndesmoses 6 Cartilaginous Joints 7 Symphyses 8 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 9 Synovial Joints 10 Fibrous Joints 11 Types of Fibrous Joints 12 Sutures have hyaline cartilage between the bones lock bones together with dense fibers bones connected by cartilage pads Synchondroses & Symphyses tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock
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