Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Bones 2 Fibrous 3 Cartilage 4 The Skeletal System 5 Marrow 6 Joints 7 Ligaments 8 Tendons 9 Synovial 10 Cartilaginous Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone Solid CT, 206 freely movable joints Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial 1 Movement 2 Functions of Bone 3 Storage 4 Framework 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Protection blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, 1 Long Bones 2 Flat Bones 3 Classification of Bone 4 Short Bones 5 Irregular Bones Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Elongated; upper and lower limbs 1 Medullary Cavity 2 Diaphysis 3 Macroanatomy of Bones 4 Epiphysis 5 Periosteum 6 Articular Cartilage 7 Epiphyseal Line long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) 1 Inorganic ECM 2 Cells 3 Organic ECM 4 Microanatomy of Bones 5 Osteocytes 6 Compact Bone 7 Extracellular Matrix 8 Osteoblasts 9 Osteogenic Cells 10 Spongy Bone 11 Osteoclasts 2 components: Organic & Inorganic Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae break down/resorb bone (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines bone stem cells capable of differentiation (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones 1 Types of Cartilaginous Joints 2 Joint (Articulation) 3 Cartilaginous Joints 4 Fibrous Joints 5 Synchondroses 6 Types of Fibrous Joints 7 Gomphoses 8 Examples of Synovial Joints 9 Sutures 10 Syndesmoses 11 Symphyses 12 Synovial Joints Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Synchondroses & Symphyses bones connected by cartilage pads lock bones together with dense fibers fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) have hyaline cartilage between the bones bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule
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