Relacionar Columnas Unit 2 Part 1: Introduction to the Skeletal SystemVersión en línea Basic introduction information about the skeletal system for anatomy (BIOL 103) por Abigail Scott 1 Marrow 2 Cartilaginous 3 Synovial 4 Joints 5 Tendons 6 Ligaments 7 Fibrous 8 Bones 9 Cartilage 10 The Skeletal System Dense CT, Attach Bones to Muscles Bones, Cartilage, Marrow, Ligaments, Tendons, & Joints 3 Types: Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial allow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage Loose CT, 2 Types: Red and Yellow consists of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, holds the bones tightly together Dense CT, Attach Bone to Bone freely movable joints Semisolid CT; Nasal Septum, Growth Plates, Developing Bone, Costal Cartilage, Articular Cartilage (Joints) Solid CT, 206 1 Movement 2 Storage 3 Protection 4 Functions of Bone 5 Site of Hematopoiesis 6 Framework Framework, Protection, Movement, Site of Hematopoiesis, Storage, Attachment points for muscles, act as lever to facilitate movement blood cell production takes place in the red bone marrow Provide the structure for the body; contains hard, mineralized extracellular matrix that's strong against gravity guards our many delicate tissues and structures (cranial bones-brain, vertebra-spinal cord, rib cage-heart and lungs, pelvis-lower organs) stores calcium and phosphorus in the extracellular matrix stores energy in the form of fat in yellow bone marrow 1 Irregular Bones 2 Long Bones 3 Short Bones 4 Flat Bones 5 Classification of Bone Square; Carpals, Tarsals, Patella Long Bones, Short Bones, Flat Bones, & Irregular Bones Elongated; upper and lower limbs Thins, Curved; Roof of Skull, Scapulae, Sternum, Ribs Complex; Vertebrae, Coxa, Other Bones of the Skull 1 Epiphyseal Line 2 Periosteum 3 Epiphysis 4 Medullary Cavity 5 Articular Cartilage 6 Diaphysis 7 Macroanatomy of Bones long shaft – major weight support and leverage for muscles tough sheath that covers the outer surface=dense irregular ct – protects from surrounding structures and serves as an anchor for ligaments and tendons hollow space in the diaphysis – filled with yellow bone marrow (adipose ct) in adults (red in children) hyaline – covers the joint surface of the epiphysis – reduces friction and absorbs shock remnant of the growth plate that fuses in adults expanded knobby region on either end – the joint/articular ends Epiphysis, Diaphysis, Articular Cartilage, Epiphyseal Line (Growth Plate), Medullary Cavity, & Periosteum 1 Osteoclasts 2 Inorganic ECM 3 Osteocytes 4 Compact Bone 5 Cells 6 Microanatomy of Bones 7 Osteogenic Cells 8 Extracellular Matrix 9 Organic ECM 10 Spongy Bone 11 Osteoblasts 2 components: Organic & Inorganic (dense or cortical) = RESISTS bending – arranged in layers (lamellae) – OUTER layer (80% of bone) (mineral) = calcium phosphate; imparts rigidity and stiffness to bones Osteogenic Cells, Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, Osteoclasts build bone & secrete ECM, arranged in lines break down/resorb bone mature bone cells, “stuck” in lacunae bone stem cells capable of differentiation Cells, Extracellular Matrix, Spongy, & Compact (“osteoid”) = collagen fibers; imparts elastic and bendability to bones (calcaneus/trabecular) = ABSORBS stress - porous, filled with bone marrow – INNER layer (20% of bone) 1 Synchondroses 2 Syndesmoses 3 Joint (Articulation) 4 Symphyses 5 Types of Fibrous Joints 6 Gomphoses 7 Examples of Synovial Joints 8 Sutures 9 Synovial Joints 10 Cartilaginous Joints 11 Fibrous Joints 12 Types of Cartilaginous Joints Gomphoses, Sutures, Syndesmoses lock bones together with dense fibers Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial Synchondroses & Symphyses bones separated by a space filled with fluid Highly mobile Held together by ligaments and a CT capsule allows the brain/skull to grow but have interlocking irregular edges to increase the strength fibrocartilage pads between bones – resists compression and tension, absorbs shock have hyaline cartilage between the bones between radius and ulna, tibia and fibula – shafts of the long bones are bound by “interosseous membrane” so they can slightly pivot around each other bones connected by cartilage pads tooth to jaw = “peg in socket” (also between temporal bone and styloid process) Shoulder, Hip, Elbow, Knee, Fingers and toes, Jaw, Neck
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