1
.
Knowledge
management
(
KM
)
comprises
a
range
of
strategies
and
practices
used
in
an
organization
to
identify
,
create
,
represent
,
distribute
,
and
enable
____________________
of
insights
and
experiences
.
Such
insights
and
experiences
comprise
knowledge
,
either
embodied
in
individuals
or
embedded
in
organizations
as
processes
or
practices
.
2
.
More
recently
with
the
advent
of
the
____________________
2
.
0
,
the
concept
of
Knowledge
Management
has
evolved
towards
a
vision
more
based
on
people
participation
and
emergence
.
This
line
of
evolution
is
termed
Enterprise
2
.
0
(
McAfee
2006
)
.
However
,
there
is
an
ongoing
debate
and
discussions
(
Lakhani
&
McAfee
2007
)
as
to
whether
Enterprise
2
.
0
is
just
a
fad
that
does
not
bring
anything
new
or
useful
or
whether
it
is
,
indeed
,
the
future
of
knowledge
management
(
Davenport
2008
)
.
3
.
As
the
discipline
matures
,
academic
debates
have
increased
regarding
both
the
theory
and
practice
of
KM
,
to
include
the
following
perspectives
:
?
Techno
-
centric
with
a
focus
on
technology
,
ideally
those
that
enhance
knowledge
sharing
and
creation
.
?
Organizational
with
a
focus
on
how
an
organization
can
be
designed
to
facilitate
knowledge
processes
best
.
?
____________________
with
a
focus
on
the
interaction
of
people
,
identity
,
knowledge
,
and
environmental
factors
as
a
complex
adaptive
system
akin
to
a
natural
ecosystem
.
4
.
____________________
knowledge
represents
internalized
knowledge
that
an
individual
may
not
be
consciously
aware
of
,
such
as
how
he
or
she
accomplishes
particular
tasks
.
5
.
____________________
knowledge
represents
knowledge
that
the
individual
holds
consciously
in
mental
focus
,
in
a
form
that
can
easily
be
communicated
to
others
.
6
.
Other
knowledge
management
strategies
and
instruments
for
companies
include
:
?
____________________
(
as
a
means
of
motivating
for
knowledge
sharing
)
?
____________________
(
as
a
means
of
transferring
tacit
knowledge
)
?
cross
-
project
learning
?
after
action
reviews
?
knowledge
mapping
(
a
map
of
knowledge
repositories
within
a
company
accessible
by
all
)
?
communities
of
practice
?
expert
directories
(
to
enable
knowledge
seeker
to
reach
to
the
experts
)
?
best
practice
transfer
?
knowledge
fairs
?
competence
management
(
____________________
evaluation
and
planning
of
competences
of
individual
organization
members
)
?
proximity
&
architecture
(
the
physical
situation
of
employees
can
be
either
conducive
or
obstructive
to
knowledge
sharing
)
?
master
-
apprentice
relationship
?
collaborative
technologies
.
