Spacing Effect
Explicit Memories
Automatic Processing
Mnemonics
Chunking
Echoic Memory
Implicit Memory
Shallow Processing
Deep Processing
Effortful Processing
Testing Effect
Iconic Memory
The tendency to distribute study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through mass study and practice.
Encoding on a basic level, based on the structure or appearance of words.
Retention of facts and experiences that we can consciously know and "declare" (also called declarative memories)
Unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time and frequency, and of well learned information such as word meaning.
Encoding semantically, based on the meaning of the words; tends to yield best retntion.
Organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically.
Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices.
Enhanced memory after retrieving , rather than simply rereading information.
A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second.
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.
Retention of learned skills (riding a bike) or classically conditioned associations (fear of dogs) independent of conscious recollection (also called non-declarative memory)
A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 to 4 seconds.