The physiological processes that influence drug levels within the body is known as...
A.
Pharmacodynamics
B.
Pharmacology
C.
Pharmacokinetics
D.
Pharmaceutics
2.
The mechanism by which drugs exert their effects on the body is known as....
A.
Pharmacodynamics
B.
Pharmacology
C.
Pharmacokinetics
D.
Pharmaceutics
3.
the "L" in LADME stands for...
A.
Latch
B.
Liquidate
C.
Lamentation
D.
Liberation
4.
The "A" in LADME stands for...
A.
Absorption
B.
Adduction
C.
Acceleration
D.
Accomodation
5.
The "D" in LADME stands for....
A.
Decimation
B.
Delegation
C.
Distribution
D.
Deliberation
6.
The "M" in LADME stands for...
A.
Manipulation
B.
Metabolization
C.
Metamorphasize
D.
Migration
7.
The "E" in LADME stands for
A.
Exertion
B.
Excretion
C.
Ejection
D.
Elimination
8.
The first phase of drug action is
A.
Distribution
B.
Formulation
C.
Pharmacokinetic phase
D.
Pharmacodynamic phase
9.
What does LADME describe?
A.
What the drug does to the body
B.
What the body does to the drug
10.
The most appropriate formulation and route of administration for a patient with eczema is
A.
Cream, topical
B.
Aerosol, inhalation
C.
Tablet, oral
D.
Suppository, rectal
11.
The most appropriate formulation and route of administration for a patient with asthma is
A.
Cream, topical
B.
Aerosol, inhalation
C.
tablet, sublingual
D.
tablet, oral
12.
The most appropriate formulation and route of administration for a patient with angina is
A.
Cream, topical
B.
Aerosol, inhalation
C.
tablet, sublingual
D.
tablet, oral
13.
The most appropriate formulation and route of administration for a patient with anaphylaxis is
A.
Adrenaline injection
B.
Aerosol, inhalation
C.
tablet, sublingual
D.
tablet, oral
14.
Which statement about drugs is most appropriate?
A.
Drugs are stimulatory or inhibitory neurotransmitters
B.
Drugs interact with receptors to stimulate or inhibit an action
C.
All drugs block the action of neurotransmitters
D.
All drugs are potentially addictive
15.
Which definition best describes the term "pharmacology"?
A.
Pharmacology is the study of the formulation of drugs
B.
Pharmacology is the study of drugs
C.
Pharmacology is the study of interactions between drugs
D.
Pharmacology is the study of the actions of the body on the drug
16.
What is the correct explanation of a synapse?
A.
Synapse is the collection of vesicles inside a nerve terminal
B.
Synapse is the general term for pre- and post-nerve transmission
C.
Synapse is a type of neurotransmitter
D.
Synapse refers to the gap between two nerve cells
17.
What statement describes the half-life (t 1/2) of a drug?
A.
The time it takes to reach a steady-state concentration in the blood
B.
The time it takes for half the number of tablets (or injections) to be administered
C.
The time it takes to reach half of its concentration in the blood
D.
The time it takes for a double dose to be excreted
18.
A therapeutic dose should be 1. not too low to be ineffective 2. not too high to be toxic 3. close to the toxic dose for maximum effect
A.
1 only is correct
B.
3 only is correct
C.
1 and 2 only
D.
2 and 3 only
E.
1, 2 and 3
19.
Which of the following is not a phase of drug action?
A.
Drug formulation
B.
Pharmacokinetics
C.
Pharmacodynamics
D.
Metabolism
20.
Drugs that are weak acids will be best absorbed in
A.
The small intestine
B.
The large intestine
C.
The stomach
D.
The rectum
21.
Drugs that are weak bases will be best absorbed in
A.
The small intestine
B.
The stomach
C.
are absorbed well in either location
D.
have to be made more acidic before they can be absorbed
22.
A substance that is hydrophilic is also lipophilic
A.
True
B.
False
23.
In a polar bond electrons are
A.
Not shared
B.
Shared equally
C.
Shared unequally
24.
If a product is removed during an equilibrium reaction _____ is formed from reactants
A.
more
B.
less
C.
no change
25.
Ionised drug is absorbed more easily than un-ionised drug
A.
True
B.
False
26.
pH is a measure of which ion?
A.
Ca2+
B.
Na+
C.
H+
D.
Cl-
27.
Which pH is considered acidic?
A.
pH 5
B.
pH 7
C.
pH 9
D.
pH 14
28.
If the pH of the environment is 7 and the pKa of the drug is 7 how much drug will be ionised?
A.
25%
B.
50%
C.
75%
D.
100%
29.
If the pH of the environment is 7 and the pKa of the basic drug is 6 how much drug will be ionised?
A.
90%
B.
10%
C.
50%
D.
100%
30.
If the pH of the environment is 7 and the pKa of the acidic drug is 6 how much drug will be ionised?
A.
90%
B.
10%
C.
50%
D.
100%
31.
If a patient is taking medication, such as antacids, that changes the pH of the stomach, what happens to an acidic drug?
A.
More absorption
B.
Less absorption
C.
It is unable to be absorbed
D.
No change
32.
Longer time = less absorbance
A.
True
B.
False
33.
Drugs to be absorbed in the stomach should be taken with food
A.
True
B.
False
34.
Drugs to be absorbed in the small intestine should always be taken with food
A.
True
B.
False
35.
Toxicity is a risk in patients with diarrhoea
A.
True
B.
False
36.
Distribution is the movement of drugs from intestine into the bloodstream
A.
True
B.
False
37.
Ion trapping occurs
A.
Only when the pH inside the cell is higher than outside
B.
Only when the pH inside the cell is lower than the outside
C.
Whenever there is a difference between inside and outside
D.
Regardless of pH of the cell
38.
Extraction depends on...
A.
Plasma binding / free drug
B.
Liver enzyme activity
C.
Drug pKa
D.
All of the above
39.
Which of the following routes of administration does not avoid hepatic first pass effects?
A.
Sublingual
B.
Oral
C.
Inhalation
D.
Rectal
40.
The main site of metabolism is
A.
The liver
B.
The kidney
C.
The lungs
D.
Anywhere with cytochrome P450
41.
The proportion of drug removed during first pass is called
A.
Bioavailability
B.
Drug interaction
C.
Metabolite
D.
Hepatic extraction
42.
Metabolites produced during Phase 1 are always toxic
A.
True
B.
False
43.
Phase 1 metabolism always inactivates drugs
A.
True
B.
False
44.
Phase 2 metabolism results in _____________ metabolites
A.
Lipophilic
B.
Lipophobic
C.
Hydrophillic
D.
Hydrophobic
45.
If a 200mg dose of drug is taken, 100mg is absorbed and 50mg is removed in first pass, how much remains?
A.
200mg
B.
100mg
C.
50mg
D.
25mg
46.
In enterohepatic cycling drugs can be deconjugated and re-absorbed
A.
True
B.
False
47.
The half-life of a drug is 12 hours. If blood concentration was 1000mg at time 0 what will it be at 24 hours?
A.
1000mg
B.
500mg
C.
250mg
D.
125mg
48.
Which drugs are most difficult to administer?
A.
Short half-life, narrow therapeutic range
B.
Long half-life, narrow therapeutic range
C.
Short half-life, wide therapeutic range
D.
Long half-life, wide therapeutic range
49.
First order kinetics depend on
A.
Drug concentration
B.
Number of molecules of enzyme available
50.
Zero order kinetics depend on
A.
Drug concentration
B.
Number of molecules of enzyme available
51.
Hydrophobic drugs can be reabsorbed from the tubule
A.
True
B.
False
52.
A patient with chest pain is given a slow release tablet containing isosorbide (a vasodilator). What might happen if they chew it?
A.
The drug will be ineffective
B.
They will get too much at once with marked vasodilation
C.
The drug would occupy the receptor site and block any expected action
D.
The Drug would occupy the receptor site and destroy the receptor
53.
After surgery a patient is given a self medicating morphine drip, which manages their pain effectively. After two days they switch to morphine tablets. Patient feels pain worsening and takes a tablet but over the next 10 minutes pain intensifies. Should they take another tablet?
A.
Yes - because the patient is in pain and another tablet will help lessen the pain faster
B.
Yes - because tablets take 5-10 minutes to have an effect and the first dose wasn't enough
C.
No - because the tablets will take around 30 minutes before they have an effect
D.
No - because the patient doesn't need it
54.
Parkinson's patients need dopamine. Dopamine doesn't cross blood brain barrier. Can you give a Parkinson's patient dopamine intravenously to manage their condition?
A.
No, it doesn't cross the blood brain barrier
B.
Yes, because the blood will distribute it to other organs which will distribute to the brain
55.
Felodipine is used for treating hypertension and is cleared by a liver enzyme cytochrome P450 A4. Grapefruit juice blocks the action of cytochrome P450 A4. What could happen to patients taking Felodipine who drink grapefruit juice?
A.
They will receive a toxic does of the medication
B.
The drug will metabolise and be excreted too quickly
C.
The drug won't be broken down at the normal rate and it's effects and side effects will increase
D.
The drug will be ineffective
56.
Benzylpenicillin is cleared by the kidneys. What precaution should be taken in patients with renal injuries who are prescribed penicillin?
A.
The dose given should consider that the patient will excrete the drug quicker
B.
The dose should consider that the patient will have difficulty excreting the drug so the drug will last longer
C.
The patient should be given alternative medication because Benzylpenicillin can be toxic for patients with renal injuries
D.
The patient should be given alternative medication because the drug will remain in the body and have no effect
57.
Liberation determines...
A.
How fast the drug will get into the body
B.
Where the drug goes (effectiveness and side effects)
C.
How fast/slow a drug is released, and where it is released
D.
Where the drug is broken down (and how long it lasts)
58.
Absorption determines...
A.
How fast the drug will get into the body
B.
Where the drug goes (effectiveness and side effects)
C.
How fast/slow a drug is released, and where it is released
D.
Where the drug is broken down (and how long it lasts)
59.
Distribution determines....
A.
How fast the drug will get into the body
B.
Where the drug goes (effectiveness and side effects)
C.
How fast/slow a drug is released, and where it is released
D.
Where the drug is broken down (and how long it lasts)
60.
Metabolism determines....
A.
How fast the drug will get into the body
B.
How the drug is eliminated (and how long it lasts)
C.
How fast/slow a drug is released, and where it is released
D.
Where the drug is broken down (and how long it lasts)
61.
Excretion determines....
A.
How fast the drug will get into the body
B.
How the drug is eliminated (and how long it lasts)
C.
How fast/slow a drug is released, and where it is released
D.
Where the drug is broken down (and how long it lasts)
