Reported Speech:Cuando queremos comunicar o informar de lo que otra persona ha dicho, hay dos maneras de hacerlo: utilizando el estilo directo o el estilo indirecto..Direct Speech (El estilo directo)
A.
Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas (“…”) y deberá ser palabra por palabra.
B.
“I am going to London next week,” she said.(“Voy a Londres la semana que viene,” ella dijo.)
C.
Do you have a pen I could borrow,” he asked.(“¿Tienes un bolígrafo que puedas prestarme?,” él preguntó.)
D.
Alice said, “I love to dance.”(Alice dijo, “Me encanta bailar.”)
2.
Reported Speech (El estilo indirecto)
A.
El estilo indirecto, a diferencia del estilo directo, no utiliza las comillas y no necesita ser palabra por palabra. En general, cuando se usa el estilo indirecto, el tiempo verbal cambia.
B.
A veces se usa “that” en las frases afirmativas y negativas para introducir lo que ha dicho la otra persona. Por otro lado, en las frases interrogativas se puede usar “if” o “whether”.
3.
Cambios de tiempo verbales para Reportar
A.
Present Simple - Past Simple
B.
Present Continuous - Past Continuous
C.
Past Simple - Past Perfect
D.
Past Continuous - Past Perfect
4.
Cambios de tiempo verbales para Reportar
A.
Present Perfect - Past Perfect
B.
Present Perfect Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
C.
Past Perfect - Past Perfect (NO CHANGE)
5.
Present Simple - Past Simple
A.
“He is American,” she said. - She said he was American.
B.
“I am happy to see you,” Mary said. - Mary said that she was happy to see me.
C.
He asked, “Are you busy tonight?” - He asked me if I was busy that night.
6.
Present Continuous - Past Continuous
A.
“Dan is living in San Francisco,” she said - She said Dan was living in San Francisco
B.
He said, “I’m making dinner.” - He told me that he was making dinner.
C.
“Why are you working so hard?” they asked. - They asked me why I was working so hard.
7.
Past Simple - Past Perfect
A.
We went to the movies last night,” he said. - He told me they had gone to the movies the night before.
B.
Greg said, “I didn’t go to work yesterday.” - Greg said that he hadn’t gone to work the day before.
C.
“Did you buy a new car?” she asked. - She asked me if I had bought a new car.
8.
Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
A.
“I was working late last night,” Vicki said. - Vicki told me she’d been working late the night before.
B.
They said, “we weren’t waiting long.” - They said that they hadn’t been waiting long.
C.
He asked, “were you sleeping when I called?” - He asked if I’d been sleeping when he called.
9.
Present Perfect Simple - Past Perfect Simple
A.
Heather said, “I’ve already eaten.” - Heather told me that she’d already eaten.
B.
“We haven’t been to China,” they said. - They said they hadn’t been to China.
C.
“Have you worked here before?” I asked. - I asked her whether she’d worked there before.
10.
Present Perfect Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
A.
“I’ve been studying English for two years,” he said. - He said he’d been studying English for two years.
B.
Steve said, “we’ve been dating for over a year now.” - Steve told me that they’d been dating for over a year.
C.
“Have you been waiting long?” they asked. - They asked whether I’d been waiting long.
11.
Past Perfect Simple - Past Perfect (NO CHANGE)
A.
“I’d been to Chicago before for work,” he said. - He said that he’d been to Chicago before for work.
12.
Past Perfect Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous (NO CHANGE)
A.
She said, “I’d been dancing for years before the accident.” - She said she’d been dancing for years before the accident.
13.
Cuando hablamos de algo que no ha cambiado (que sigue siendo cierto) o de algo en el futuro, no es necesario cambiar el tiempo verbal.
A.
“I’m 30 years old,” she said. → She said she is 30 years old.
B.
Dave said, “Kelly is sick.” → Dave said Kelly is sick.
C.
We are going to Tokyo next week,” they said. → They said they are going to Tokyo next week.
14.
Modal Verbs - Cambio de tiempo
A.
Will - Would
B.
“I’ll go to the movies tomorrow,” John said. - John said he would go to the movies the next day.
C.
Will you help me move?” she asked. - She asked me if I would help her move.
15.
Modal Verbs - Cambio de tiempo
A.
Can - Could
B.
Debra said, “Allen can work tomorrow.” - Debra said Allen could work the next day.
C.
“Can you open the window, please?”, he asked. - He asked me if I could open the window.
16.
Modal Verbs - Cambio de tiempo
A.
Must - Had to
B.
“You must wear your seat belt,” mom said. - My mom said I had to wear my seat belt.
C.
She said, “You must work tomorrow.” - She said I had to work the next day.
17.
Modal Verbs - Cambio de tiempo
A.
Shall - Should
B.
“Shall we go to the beach today?” Tom asked - Tom asked if we should go to the beach that day.
C.
“What shall we do tonight?” she asked. - She asked me what we should do that night.
18.
Modal Verbs - Cambio de tiempo
A.
May - Might/Could
B.
Jane said, “I may not be in class tomorrow.”- Jane said she might not be in class the next day.
C.
“May I use the bathroom, please?”, the boy asked. - The boy asked if he could use the bathroom.
19.
Tabla de cambios expresiones de tiempo
A.
today - that day
B.
tonight - that night
C.
this week/month/year - that week/month/year
D.
tomorrow - the next day
E.
yesterday - the day before or the previous day
20.
Tabla de cambios expresiones de tiempo
A.
now - then/at that moment
B.
here - there
C.
last week/month/year - the week/month year before or the previous week/month/year
D.
next week → the following week, the week after
21.
Reportando con Wh-Questions
A.
What are you looking for? - He asked what I was looking for
B.
Where can we go tonight? → She asked where they could go that night
C.
When did they go to India?" → He asked when they had gone to India
D.
Who told you that?" → He asked me who had told me that
22.
Reportando con Wh-Questions
A.
How old are the twins?" → He asked how old the twins were
B.
Why did Carla leave so early?" → He asked why Carla had left so early
C.
Which skirt did you choose?" → She asked me which skirt I had chosen
D.
Whose dog is missing?" → He asked whose dog was missing
23.
Rportando con Yes-no questions
A.
Are these your glasses?" → He asked me if those were my glasses
B.
Isn't that Jen's boyfriend?" → She asked me if that wasn't Jen's boyfriend
C.
Do you speak English ? - She told me if I spoke English.
24.
Se usa “say” en el estilo directo y el indirecto. Si queremos usar “say” con un objeto personal, necesitamos usar la preposición “to”.
A.
“I’m hungry,” he said.(“Tengo hambre,” él dijo.)
B.
“I need your help,” Glen said to Mike.(“Necesito tu ayuda,” Glen dijo a Mike.)
25.
Estilo indirecto con Say :
A.
He said he was hungry.(Él dijo que tenía hambre.)
B.
Glen said to Mike that he needed his help.(Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
26.
Estilo directo con Tell:
A.
He told me, “I’m hungry”.(Me dijo, “Tengo hambre.”)
B.
Glen told Mike, “I need your help”.(Glen dijo a Mike, “Necesito tu ayuda.”)
27.
Estilo indirecto con Tell:
28.
Estilo indirecto con Tell:
A.
He told me that he was hungry.(Me dijo que tenía hambre.)
B.
Glen told Mike that he needed his help.(Glen dijo a Mike que necesitaba su ayuda.)
29.
Usamos “tell” cuando damos o pedimos información.
A.
“Can you tell me your name please?”(“Díme tu nombre, por favor.”)
B.
You told him the address of the office?(¿Le dijiste la dirección de la oficina?)
30.
Se usa “tell” con cuentos o bromas. En este caso, se puede traducir “tell” como “contar” en españo
A.
He told us a great story.(Nos contó un cuento maravilloso.)
B.
“Tell me a joke,” she said.(“Cuéntame un chiste,” dijo ella.)
31.
Con la verdad y las mentiras, se usa “tell”.
A.
“Tell me the truth”, she demanded.(“Dime la verdad,” dijo ella.)
B.
Keith never tells lies.(Keith nunca miente.)
32.
Usamos “tell” con el tiempo o la fecha.
A.
“Could you tell me the time, please?” she asked.(“Podrías decirme la hora, por favor?” me preguntó.)
