Pulmonary edema and other signs of left heart failure
Hypotension: Indicates ventricular dysfunction due to myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction (MI), or acute valvular dysfunction
Myocardial infarction: Rupture of the papillary muscle, left ventricular free wall, and ventricular septum
Diaphoresis from sympathetic discharge
Jugular venous distention
Palpitations
Ischemia: Pulmonary edema
Hypertension: May precipitate angina or reflect elevated catecholamine levels due to anxiety or to exogenous sympathomimetic stimulation
Pain, which is usually described as pressure, squeezing, or a burning sensation across the precordium and may radiate to the neck, shoulder, jaw, back, upper abdomen, or either arm
Decreased exercise tolerance
Extracardiac vascular disease
Diaphoresis
Nausea from vagal stimulation
Exertional dyspnea that resolves with pain or rest
