LITERAL TRANSLATION
EQUIVALENCE
TRANSPOSITION
MODULATION
ADAPTATION
CALQUE
BORROWING
When a translator uses a calque, he or she is creating or using a neologism in the target language by adopting the structure of the source language.
This means a word-for-word translation, achieving a text in the target language which is as correct as it is idiomatic.
It involves using the same word or expression in original text in the target text.
It is about changing the form of the text by introducing a semantic change or perspective.
It involves moving from one grammatical category to another without altering the meaning of the text.
It uses a completely different expression to transmit the same reality.
It is a cultural element which replaces the original text with one that is better suited to the culture of the target language.
