Manor with fief: self-sufficient
Gave protection for land and crops-Knights/Vassals
Dec. 25, 800 AD-Pope Leo III
Translated text into Latin-Monk
Gave loyalty to the king for land: Nobles/Lords/Vassals
Holy Roman Emperor, King of the Franks: Charlemagne
Gave land for loyalty, protection and crops-King
Gave labor, crops for land and protection: Serfs/Peasants