A group of words that mean something totally different together than they would separately.
Hyperbole
A reference to a story, song, or poem within another story, song, or poem.
Understatement
Parallelism
Two words used together that have opposite meanings
Word plays that are meant to be funny.
Overstatement
A phrase or paragraph that uses the same syntax and/or vocabulary for emphasis.
A phrase that makes things bigger than they are. It can last for several sentences/minutes
Puns
Extreme exaggeration for effect.
Idioms
Oxymoron
Allusion
A phrase that intentionally downplays of something for effect.