1. Why would a whitlow contraindicate the service?
A.
A Because it is a painful inflamed condition
B.
B Because it is an infectious condition
C.
C Because the condition might worsen
D.
D Because the condition might spread
2.
2. Why would the damage to the surrounding skin contraindicate the service?
A.
A The technician may spread the condition
B.
B The technician may catch the condition
C.
C The skin could be prone to increased sensitivity or infection
D.
D The skin would be thicker and overgrown
3.
3. Which of the following diseases/disorders is described as a swollen area at the side or base of a nail?
A.
A Paronychia
B.
B Pterygium
C.
C Psoriasis
D.
D Corn
4.
4. What is the definition of onycholysis?
A.
A Nail separation from the nail bed
B.
B Split or brittle nails
C.
C Inflammation of the nail
D.
D Dry, brittle nails
5.
5. Which nail disorder causes separation of the nail from the nail bed?
A.
A Pterygium
B.
B Eczema
C.
C Onycholysis
D.
D Onychogryphosis
6.
6. When may onychorrhexis restrict a nail enhancement service?
A.
A When it is contagious
B.
B If the client suffers from the condition on a regular basis
C.
C If the client has the condition on two or more nails
D.
D When a split in the nail is below the free edge
7.
7. Which of the following conditions restrict a nail enhancement service?
A.
A Onychia
B.
B Onychoclasis
C.
C Onychophagy
D.
D Onychotillomania
8.
8. Which of the following conditions may restrict the application of nail enhancements?
A.
A Psoriasis
B.
B Paronychia
C.
C Onychomycosis
D.
D Onychorrhexis
9.
9. What type of infection causes green discolouration between the nail plate and the overlay?
A.
A Bacteria
B.
B Fungus
C.
C Mould
D.
D Virus
10.
10. Which of the following could cause the overlay to chip at the free edge of a tip?
A.
A The overlay is too thick
B.
B The overlay is too thin
C.
C The tip is too dehydrated
D.
D The tip is not dehydrated
11.
11. What action should be taken if discolouration is found between the nail plate and the overlay?
A.
A Perform an infill service and use a dark polish to cover it
B.
B Remove the enhancement and allow to grow out before they are replaced
C.
C Remove the enhancement and file away the discoloration
D.
D Leave the enhancement in place and send the client to their GP
12.
12. What may be the result if a nail infection between the natural nail plate and the overlay is left untreated?
A.
A Cuts and bruising to the cuticle and surrounding tissues
B.
B It will fade and disappear over time
C.
C Surrounding tissues become sensitive to pressure or itch
D.
D Anaphylactic shock: severe swelling & problems breathing
13.
13. What may be the result if a nail infection between the natural nail plate and the overlay is left untreated?
A.
A It will grow out with the natural growth of the nail
B.
B It will fade and disappear over time
C.
C It will destroy the nail plate
D.
D It will spread to the other nails
14.
14. What effect does keratinisation have on the nail plate?
A.
A It causes splitting of the nail plate
B.
B It nourishes the nail plate
C.
C It causes the nail plate to grow in thickness and length
D.
D It softens the nail plate
15.
15. What is the cuticle?
A.
A The portion of the nail that extends beyond the nail plate
B.
B A small passage in the nail containing a nerve
C.
C The name given to the epidermis around the base of the nail plate protecting the matrix
D.
D The area under the nail plate
16.
16. Which part of the nail acts as a watertight seal?
A.
A The cuticle
B.
B The lunula
C.
C The matrix
D.
D The hyponychium
17.
17. What is the lunula?
A.
A The white area at the distal end of the nail plate
B.
B The white area at the proximal end of the nail plate
C.
C An area of skin that covers the nail plate
D.
D White spots on the nail
18.
18. Which of the following forms the seal between the free edge of the nail and the fingertip?
A.
A Cuticle
B.
B Hyponychium
C.
C Peronychium
D.
D Eponychium
19.
19. What is the average growth rate of the natural nail from matrix to the free edge?
A.
A 28 days
B.
B 5-6 weeks
C.
C 2-4 months
D.
D 5-6 months
20.
20. Which of the following statements is correct?
A.
A The nail normally grows more quickly in the summer
B.
B The nail normally grows more quickly during the winter
C.
C The nail normally grows more quickly in mature people
D.
D The nail normally grows more quickly on the feet
21.
21. Keratin is a type of what?
A.
A Protein
B.
B Fat
C.
C Carbohydrate
D.
D Mineral
22.
22. The effects of systemic trauma will often be seen on the nail plate as which of the following?
A.
A Yellow or green discolouration of the nail plate
B.
B A line or ridge across the nail plate
C.
C A white mark in the nail plate
D.
D Small dark lines at the top of the nail plate by the free edge
23.
23. What are white spots on the nails usually caused by?
A.
A Lack of calcium
B.
B Lack of zinc
C.
C Trauma
D.
D Allergy
24.
24. How many layers does the epidermis contain?
A.
A 4
B.
B 2
C.
C 3
D.
D 5
25.
25. Where can collagen be found?
A.
A In the epidermis
B.
B In the subcutaneous layer of the skin
C.
C In the dermis
D.
D In all the layers of the skin
26.
26. Which of the following is a function of the sebaceous glands?
A.
A To control temperature
B.
B To act as nerve receptors
C.
C To remove waste from the skin
D.
D To produce sebum
27.
27. What is the function of eccrine glands?
A.
A To excrete watery sweat all over the body
B.
B To secrete hormones for calcium absorption
C.
C To excrete milky fluid from the armpits and groin areas
D.
D To secrete hormones to lower blood calcium
28.
28. Which of the following statements is correct with regard to the skin?
A.
A The skin allows absorption of water into the dermis
B.
B The skin acts as a waterproof barrier
C.
C Perspiration is excreted through the sebaceous glands
D.
D Ultraviolet rays convert ergosterol into vitamin E
29.
29. Which of the following statements is correct when advising a client with bitten nails on enhancements?
A.
A Nail enhancements are not possible on bitten nails and the client must wait for them to grow
B.
B The length should be quite long and extend the nail plate by about 50% to ensure the client does not bite them
C.
C The length should be quite short, just to the end of the finger is ideal
D.
D An oval shape is more flattering and better suits the wide tip of a nail biter
30.
30. Which of the following statements is correct with regard to selecting tips for bitten nails?
A.
A Full cover tips are more appropriate for bitten nails
B.
B Pre-blended tips with no contact area are more appropriate for bitten nails
C.
C The side walls of the tip must be removed to ensure the tip sits over the end of the finger
D.
D White French tips should be used to create a more natural finish
31.
31. Which of the following nail shapes would require a saddle to be cut into the side walls of the tip to ensure it sits correctly on the nail?
A.
A Bitten nail
B.
B Hook or claw nail
C.
C Ski-jump or spoon nail
D.
D Fan nail
32.
32. Which of the following nail shapes is believed to present the biggest challenge for a nail technician?
A.
A Hooked or claw nails
B.
B Fan shaped nails
C.
C Ski-jump nails
D.
D Bitten nails
33.
33. Powdered acrylic is a combination of a catalyst and a ground up:
A.
A Monomer
B.
B Polymer
C.
C Polyester
D.
D Toluene
34.
34. What is the chemical reaction that occurs during the creation of acrylic nails?
A.
A Monomerization
B.
B Exothermic
C.
C Polymerization
D.
D Catalytic
35.
35. What could happen to the nails if they are dehydrated for too long prior to product application?
A.
A They will become infected
B.
B It could cause poor circulation
C.
C The natural nail oils will return
D.
D They could become inflamed
36.
36. Which of the following systems/overlays does not usually require the use of a primer?
A.
A Sculptured acrylic
B.
B Tips and gel overlay
C.
C Fibreglass wraps
D.
D Tips and acrylic overlay
37.
37. Infection under the nail enhancement may be due to:
A.
A Incorrect buffing
B.
B Incorrect application of liquid and powder
C.
C Incorrect hygiene procedures
D.
D Incorrect filing
38.
38. Why is it essential to ensure the natural nails are dehydrated prior to acrylic application?
A.
A To aid a smooth application of liquid and powder.
B.
B To prevent lifting of the acrylic nail.
C.
C To protect the natural nail.
D.
D To clean the natural nails.
39.
39. What effect does acetone have on the natural nails?
A.
A Lubricating
B.
B Moisturing
C.
C Dehydrating
D.
D Nourishing
40.
40. What effect does primer have on the natural nail?
A.
A It shines the nail
B.
B It roughens the nail
C.
C It strengthens the nail
D.
D It weakens the nail
41.
41. Which acrylic powder would compliment clients with dark skin tones?
A.
A Peach
B.
B Pink
C.
C White
D.
D Clear
42.
42. What can result if acrylic is applied too closely to the side walls of the nails?
A.
A It can cause softening the nail.
B.
B It can cause yellowing of the nail.
C.
C It can cause lifting away of the nail.
D.
D It can cause pitting of the nail.
43.
43. Which of the following is a consideration when choosing the size of nail tips?
A.
A The nail thickness
B.
B The nail arch
C.
C The nail colour
D.
D The nail length
44.
44. The incorrect selection of nail tips can result in:
A.
A Weakness and lifting
B.
B Uneven application
C.
C Dehydration of the nail
D.
D Appearance of air bubbles under the tip
45.
45. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using full cover?
A.
A They are natural looking
B.
B They are easy to remove
C.
C They last for 7-10 days
D.
D They are odourless
46.
46. Which file should be used initially to remove bulk when blending the seam area of a tip?
A.
A Smooth file
B.
B Fine-grit file
C.
C Medium-grit file
D.
D Coarse-grit file
47.
47. Disposable forms are usually made out of which of the following?
A.
A Paper
B.
B Teflon
C.
C Metal
D.
D Plastic
48.
48. Which of the following client nail conditions is unsuitable for sculpting?
A.
A A long natural nail bed in good condition
B.
B A ski-jump nail
C.
C A hook or claw shaped nail
D.
D A chipped or broken nail
49.
49. If a client presents with short flaky nails and wanted to grow them, which of the following would be the most appropriate enhancement procedures to suggest?
A.
A Apply a full set of tips with an acrylic overlay
B.
B Apply a full set of liquid and powder sculpted nails
C.
C Apply a full set of natural overlays with either UV gel or wraps
D.
D Apply a full set of full tips with nail adhesive
50.
50. Which of the following statements is correct with regard to repairing a split in the free edge?
A.
A Repair the split by placing resin in the split and cure
B.
B Repair the split by placing mesh on the top of the nail plate and cure
C.
C Repair the split by placing mesh on the underside of the free edge and cure
D.
D Repair the split by placing mesh on the top of the nail plate and underside of the free edge and cure
51.
51. What is the action of resin activator when used to repair flaking natural nails?
A.
A It reduces drying time
B.
B It increases adhesion of the resin
C.
C It gives pliability to the repair
D.
D It provides a better shine
52.
52. How should a therapist repair a lifted overlay?
A.
A Place nail adhesive under the lifted area
B.
B Remove the area with an electric file and re-apply
C.
C Use nippers to remove the lifted area, dehydrate the exposed natural nail and re-apply
D.
D Hand file over the attached area until the lifted area flakes away, prep the exposed natural nail and re-apply
53.
53. Which of the following actions might have to be performed if a client kept complaining of breaking her enhancements?
A.
A Reduce the length and reinforce the stress area
B.
B Increase the length and reduce the stress area
C.
C Increase the length and reinforce the stress area
D.
D Reduce the length and reduce the stress area
54.
54. What action should the therapist take if the client attends a maintenance appointment and presents with a large area of discolouration on the nail plate under an overlay?
A.
A Send the client straight to her GP
B.
B Perform a rebalance but finish with dark polish
C.
C Remove the overlay, buff out the discolouration with a white-block and re-apply a new overlay
D.
D Remove the structure and refer the client to their GP or pharmacist for further treatment
55.
55. How long do liquid and powder enhancements take to remove?
A.
A 10 – 15 minutes
B.
B Approx. 30 minutes
C.
C 45 - 50 minutes
D.
D Approx. 1 hour
56.
56. How often should a client attend for maintenance appointments?
A.
A Every week
B.
B Every two to three weeks
C.
C Use nail glue to fix any breaks until removal
D.
D Once a month
57.
57. Which type of nail varnish remover should the client use at home?
A.
A Oil based remover
B.
B Acetone based remover
C.
C Water based remover
D.
D Non acetone based remover
58.
58. What is the average frequency of maintenance visits?
A.
A 2-3 weeks
B.
B 1-2 weeks
C.
C Only if damage occurs and an enhancement comes off
